La Résurrection

1. Le premier [jour] de la semaine, de grand matin, elles se rendirent au sépulcre, apportant les aromates qu'elles avaient préparés, et quelques [autres] avec elles.

2. Mais elles trouvèrent la pierre roulée loin du sépulcre.

3. En entrant, elles ne trouvèrent pas le corps du Seigneur Jésus.

4. Comme elles étaient fort perplexes à ce sujet, voici que deux hommes se tenaient près d'elles, vêtus de manteaux brillants.

5. Comme ils étaient saisis de crainte, et qu'ils inclinaient leur visage vers la terre, ils leur dirent : Pourquoi cherchez-vous parmi les morts Celui qui vit ?

6. Il n'est pas ici, mais il est ressuscité ; souvenez-vous de ce qu'il vous a dit quand il était encore en Galilée,

7. Il faut, disait-il, que le Fils de l'homme soit livré aux mains des hommes pécheurs, qu'il soit crucifié, et qu'il ressuscite le troisième jour.

8. Et ils se souvinrent de ses paroles.

9. Et, revenant du sépulcre, ils rapportèrent toutes ces choses aux onze et à tous les autres.

10. Mais ce furent Marie de Magdala, Jeanne, Marie [la mère] de Jacques, et les autres [femmes] avec elles, qui racontèrent ces choses aux apôtres.

11. Leurs paroles leur apparurent comme de vains récits, et ils ne les crurent pas.

12. Mais Pierre, debout, courut au sépulcre, et, se baissant, il regarda les draps étendus seuls ; puis il s'en alla, s'étonnant en lui-même de ce qui s'était passé.

La signification de Joseph et des femmes.

La crucifixion de Jésus semble être la fin de tout - la fin de l'espoir du peuple en un Messie, la fin du rêve des disciples de " s'asseoir sur des trônes ", et la fin de la vie de Jésus sur terre. Mais l'histoire est loin d'être terminée.

Avant la fin du jour, Joseph d'Arimathie demande à Pilate le corps de Jésus. Conformément à la loi selon laquelle les cadavres doivent être enterrés avant la tombée de la nuit, Pilate accède à la demande de Joseph et lui donne la permission de descendre le corps de Jésus de la croix. Joseph a ensuite enveloppé le corps de Jésus dans des linges et l'a déposé dans un tombeau.

Bien que Joseph soit membre du Sanhédrin, le conseil qui a condamné Jésus pour blasphème, Joseph n'avait pas consenti au verdict. Comme nous l'avons mentionné dans l'épisode précédent, Joseph est décrit comme "un homme bon et juste" qui représente notre compréhension supérieure (Luc 23:50). C'est la partie de nous qui est non seulement capable de comprendre les choses de ce monde (science, mathématiques, littérature, etc.), mais qui s'élève plus haut pour recevoir la lumière spirituelle. Dans cette lumière supérieure, l'intelligence peut prendre des décisions qui sont à la fois bonnes et justes. C'est une qualité donnée par Dieu. ¹

En plus de la capacité d'élever notre compréhension vers la lumière spirituelle, nous avons la possibilité de recevoir une autre qualité donnée par Dieu. Appelée "don de perception", elle afflue discrètement chaque fois que nous sommes connectés au Seigneur par l'amour. Cette connexion nous donne la capacité de percevoir la bonté et la vérité. Dans le symbolisme biblique, ce type de perception est représenté par des parfums agréables et des épices qui sentent bon. C'est pourquoi, au début de l'épisode suivant, il est écrit que "le premier jour de la semaine, de grand matin, les femmes prirent les aromates qu'elles avaient préparés et vinrent au tombeau" (Luc 24:1). ²

Comme Joseph, qui a descendu le corps de Jésus de la croix et l'a enveloppé dans des linges, ces femmes continuent également à prendre soin du corps de Jésus. Pris ensemble, Joseph et les femmes représentent deux aspects différents, mais unis, de l'esprit humain. Dans le cas de Joseph, il représente la compréhension supérieure, la conviction rationnelle que ce que Jésus enseigne est vrai. C'est la vue de la vérité à partir de l'entendement. Dans le cas des femmes, c'est la perception que ce que Jésus enseigne est vrai parce que c'est bon. C'est la perception de la vérité à partir de l'amour. Les épices odorantes que les femmes apportent représentent ce don perceptif. ³

Le tombeau vide

À cette époque, les tombes étaient des endroits creusés dans la roche solide. L'entrée du tombeau était scellée en roulant une grande pierre sur l'ouverture. Mais lorsque les femmes arrivent, elles voient que la pierre a été roulée. Et lorsqu'elles entrent dans le tombeau, cherchant à oindre Jésus d'épices, elles ne trouvent pas son corps. Au lieu de cela, les femmes rencontrent deux anges en vêtements brillants qui leur disent : " Pourquoi cherchez-vous le vivant parmi les morts ? Il n'est pas ici, il est ressuscité" (Luc 24:5-6). Les anges en habits brillants représentent le rayonnement de la vérité divine, en particulier les vérités qui resplendissent de la signification intérieure de la Parole. ⁴

D'un point de vue symbolique, lorsque la Parole du Seigneur est dépourvue de son sens profond, elle peut être comparée à un "tombeau" vide. C'est particulièrement le cas lorsque la lettre de la Parole est utilisée pour soutenir une fausse croyance. Par exemple, lorsque la lettre de la Parole est séparée de sa signification intérieure, il peut sembler que Dieu est rempli de colère, qu'il éprouve de la haine et qu'il est rempli de vengeance. En outre, il peut sembler que ceux qui obéissent strictement à ses enseignements seront récompensés par une prospérité matérielle, et que ceux qui désobéissent seront détruits. C'est une idée matérielle de Dieu qui revient à "obéis et prospère, désobéis et péris". ⁵

Lorsque ces apparences sont confirmées à partir du sens littéral de la Parole, sans comprendre le sens spirituel qu'elles renferment, elles ne peuvent révéler l'essence du Seigneur. C'est comme si l'on voyait une personne sans connaître son véritable caractère et que l'on portait des jugements basés sur l'extérieur sans tenir compte de l'intérieur. Lorsque c'est le cas, le Seigneur ne sera pas vu dans sa Parole, et sa voix ne sera pas entendue. Le sens littéral de l'Écriture sainte, séparé de l'esprit intérieur qui lui donne vie, est une lettre morte - une tombe vide. C'est pourquoi les anges disent aux femmes : "Pourquoi cherchez-vous le vivant parmi les morts ? Il n'est pas ici ; il est ressuscité." ⁶

Porter la nouvelle aux disciples

Après avoir dit aux femmes de ne pas chercher les vivants parmi les morts, les anges continuent à les instruire. "Souvenez-vous de ce qu'il vous a dit quand il était en Galilée", disent les anges aux femmes. Puis les anges leur rappellent les paroles de Jésus : " Il faut que le Fils de l'homme soit livré aux mains des hommes pécheurs, qu'il soit crucifié, et qu'il ressuscite le troisième jour " (Luc 24:7).

Bien que Jésus ait prédit sa mort et sa résurrection à plusieurs reprises, les gens se sont tellement concentrés sur sa mort qu'ils ont oublié la partie concernant sa résurrection. Cette fois, cependant, c'est différent. Les paroles de Jésus sont maintenant devenues une réalité vivante, surtout pour ces femmes qui ont vu les anges et entendu leur message. Lorsque les anges leur rappellent que Jésus a dit qu'il serait crucifié et qu'il ressusciterait, il est écrit que les femmes "se souvinrent de ses paroles" (Luc 24:8).

Profondément touchées par le souvenir des paroles de Jésus, les femmes s'empressent de porter la nouvelle aux disciples (Luc 24:9). Ces femmes ne sont plus des personnes anonymes dans la foule. Elles deviennent maintenant des individus uniques et significatifs : elles sont " Marie-Madeleine ", " Jeanne " et " Marie mère de Jacques " (Luc 24:10). Leur réponse aux anges et leur décision immédiate de transmettre le message aux disciples illustrent la manière dont les vraies perceptions et les bonnes affections en nous répondent aux vérités intérieures de la Parole du Seigneur. ⁷

Lorsque les femmes apportent la joyeuse nouvelle aux disciples, leur annonçant que Jésus est ressuscité, ces derniers hésitent à les croire. Pour ces hommes éplorés, le récit des femmes semble n'être qu'une " histoire sans intérêt " (Luc 24:11). Pierre, cependant, a une réponse différente. Lorsqu'il entend la nouvelle, il se lève immédiatement et court au tombeau (Luc 24:12). C'est ce même Pierre qui avait pleuré si amèrement lorsqu'il avait réalisé qu'il avait renié Jésus pour la troisième fois (Luc 22:62). Mais maintenant, sentant l'espoir monter en lui, Pierre se précipite pour voir le tombeau par lui-même.

Lorsque Pierre arrive au tombeau, il se baisse et voit que les linges dans lesquels Jésus avait été enveloppé gisent en tas (Luc 24:12). Mais il n'y a aucun signe de Jésus, et Pierre ne voit pas non plus les anges. Contrairement aux femmes qui l'ont précédé, les yeux spirituels de Pierre n'ont pas encore été ouverts. Pierre, cependant, ne se laisse pas abattre. À la fin de cet épisode, Pierre s'en va " s'émerveillant en lui-même de ce qui s'était passé " (Luc 24:12). Bien que Pierre ne comprenne pas tout à fait, lentement mais sûrement, une résurrection de la foi s'opère en lui. ⁸

Une application pratique

Lorsque les femmes se sont souvenues des paroles de Jésus, elles se sont immédiatement précipitées pour en informer les disciples. Lorsque Pierre a appris d'elles que le Seigneur était ressuscité, il s'est immédiatement levé et a couru au tombeau. Dans les deux cas, ils ont compris que l'histoire n'était pas terminée. Chacun de nous peut faire quelque chose de semblable. Lorsque quelque chose se produit qui a le potentiel de vous faire tomber ou de vous faire douter de la présence du Seigneur, rappelez-vous que l'histoire n'est pas terminée et que le Seigneur a le pouvoir de vous relever. C'est la résurrection de la foi. C'est la foi que vous n'êtes pas seul. C'est la foi que le Seigneur vous apportera réconfort, protection et conseils alors que vous traversez votre situation. Et c'est la foi que, quelle que soit la difficulté de la situation, le Seigneur peut en tirer du bien et vous conduire à une bonne fin. ⁹

Sur la route d'Emmaüs

13. Et voici que deux d'entre eux se rendaient le même jour dans un village qui [est] nommé Emmaüs, éloigné de Jérusalem de soixante stades.

14. Et ils s'entretenaient entre eux de toutes ces choses qui étaient arrivées.

15. Comme ils conversaient et discutaient, Jésus lui-même, s'approchant, alla avec eux.

16. Mais leurs yeux étaient fermés, de sorte qu'ils ne le connaissaient pas.

17. Et il leur dit : Quelles sont ces paroles que vous échangez entre vous, tandis que vous marchez et que vous êtes tristes ?

18. L'un d'eux, nommé Cléopas, prenant la parole, lui dit : N'es-tu qu'un étranger à Jérusalem, et n'as-tu pas connu ce qui s'est passé en elle en ces jours-ci ?

19. Et il leur dit : Quelles choses ? Ils lui répondirent : Ce qui concerne Jésus de Nazareth, qui était un homme, un prophète, puissant en œuvres et en paroles devant Dieu et devant tout le peuple ;

20. Et comment les grands prêtres et nos chefs l'ont livré au jugement de la mort, et l'ont crucifié.

21. Et nous espérions que c'était Lui qui allait racheter Israël. Mais malgré tout cela, aujourd'hui arrive le troisième jour depuis que ces choses ont été faites.

22. Mais aussi, certaines femmes de [parmi] nous nous ont étonnés, qui étaient de bon matin au sépulcre.

23. N'ayant pas trouvé son corps, elles sont venues, disant qu'elles avaient aussi vu une vision d'anges, qui disent qu'il est vivant.

24. Quelques-uns de ceux qui étaient avec nous allèrent au sépulcre et le trouvèrent comme les femmes l'avaient dit ; mais ils ne virent pas le corps.

25. Il leur dit : "Incrédules et lents à croire tout ce qu'ont dit les prophètes !

26. Ne fallait-il pas que le Christ souffrît ces choses, et qu'il entrât dans sa gloire ?

27. Et, commençant par Moïse et par tous les prophètes, il leur interpréta dans toutes les Écritures les choses qui le concernent.

Au début de l'épisode suivant, deux des disciples de Jésus se rendent dans un village appelé Emmaüs, à environ sept miles de Jérusalem (Luc 24:13). Bien qu'ils soient appelés "disciples", ils ne font pas partie des douze d'origine. L'un des disciples s'appelle Cléopas et le nom de l'autre n'est pas mentionné.

Trois jours se sont écoulés depuis la crucifixion, et ces deux disciples ont entendu parler du tombeau vide, de la visite des femmes et de l'apparition des anges. Il est facile d'imaginer qu'ils sont perplexes face aux événements récents - en particulier la nouvelle de la mort et de la résurrection de Jésus. Pendant qu'ils discutent, il est écrit que " Jésus lui-même s'approcha et fit route avec eux " (Luc 24:15). Comme Pierre, qui n'a pas pu voir les anges dans leurs vêtements brillants, ces deux disciples ont également une vision spirituelle limitée. Bien qu'ils puissent clairement reconnaître qu'un étranger s'est joint à eux, ils ne voient pas qu'il s'agit de Jésus. Comme il est écrit, "Leurs yeux étaient retenus, de sorte qu'ils ne le connaissaient pas" (Luc 24:16). Une fois encore, Lucé fournit des mots qui se rapportent à la compréhension : ils ne l'ont pas connu.

Jésus, qui est " ressuscité des morts ", est avec eux en esprit, mais ils n'ont pas encore conscience que la personne qui marche avec eux est Jésus. Néanmoins, Jésus va progressivement les aider à ouvrir leurs yeux spirituels. De la même manière, après avoir été dans l'obscurité, nos yeux doivent s'adapter progressivement à la lumière. Il y a une différence entre un éclair de lucidité et le processus beaucoup plus long de développement de notre compréhension de la réalité spirituelle. Alors qu'un éclair de lucidité peut se produire en un instant, notre compréhension de la vérité spirituelle se fait progressivement et se poursuit pendant toute l'éternité. ¹⁰

Jésus, qui ouvre progressivement leur compréhension, commence par une question. Il leur demande : " Quel genre de conversation avez-vous les uns avec les autres en marchant et en étant tristes ? " (Luc 24:17). Il s'agit de ces moments où nous sommes attristés par un événement récent, où nous en discutons peut-être avec un ami, sans savoir que Dieu est à nos côtés, qu'il nous parle même. Plus souvent, comme ces deux disciples, nous continuons dans notre tristesse. Nous sommes, pour ainsi dire, "dans l'obscurité" de la réalité spirituelle. Le dénommé Cléopas prend la parole le premier. Il demande à Jésus : "Es-tu le seul étranger à Jérusalem, et n'as-tu pas connu ce qui s'y est passé en ces jours-ci ?" (Luc 24:18).

Jésus, qui dissimule encore son identité, demande : "Quelles choses ?" (Luc 24:19). Et ils lui parlent d'un homme nommé Jésus. Ils disent que "c'était un prophète puissant en actes et en paroles devant Dieu et devant tout le peuple". Et ils ajoutent que "les grands prêtres et nos chefs l'ont livré pour être condamné à mort et l'ont crucifié" (Luc 24:19-20). Puis ils partagent avec Jésus la principale raison de leur tristesse. Comme ils le disent, "nous espérions que c'était Lui qui allait racheter Israël" (Luc 24:21). Bien que ces deux disciples aient entendu la nouvelle d'une possible résurrection, ils ne sont pas convaincus. Ils semblent certains que Jésus est mort et que tout est fini. À ce stade, leurs espoirs sont également morts. C'est pourquoi ils ajoutent : " C'est aujourd'hui le troisième jour que ces choses se sont passées " (Luc 24:20-21).

Alors qu'ils continuent à parler à Jésus, ne le reconnaissant toujours pas, ils décrivent comment des femmes s'étaient rendues au tombeau tôt le matin et n'avaient pas trouvé le corps de Jésus. Au lieu de cela, elles ont vu "une vision d'anges" disant que Jésus est vivant (Luc 24:23). Ils disent aussi à Jésus que certains des disciples, après avoir entendu le rapport des femmes, sont allés au tombeau et ont trouvé que le rapport des femmes était vrai. Comme il est écrit : "Quelques-uns de nos compagnons allèrent au sépulcre et le trouvèrent tel que les femmes l'avaient dit ; mais ils ne virent pas Jésus.Luc 24:24). Le détail significatif, " Lui, ils ne le virent pas ", n'est rapporté que dans Luc, l'évangile qui se rapporte à l'ouverture de l'entendement. En d'autres termes, ils n'ont pas vu Jésus. Ces deux disciples ne voient pas non plus Jésus. Même si Jésus marche avec eux et leur parle, ils ne le voient pas, ne le reconnaissent pas et ne le connaissent pas.

C'est à ce moment-là que Jésus choisit d'ouvrir leurs yeux pour qu'ils puissent le reconnaître. Ramenant leur esprit aux Ecritures, il leur dit : "O insouciants et lents de cœur à croire à tout ce que les prophètes ont dit ! Ne fallait-il pas que le Christ souffrît ces choses et qu'il entrât dans sa gloire ?" (Luc 24:25-26).

Les mots "irréfléchi" et "lent de cœur à croire" renvoient, une fois de plus, à un thème central de Luc - la réception graduelle de Dieu dans l'entendement. Comme nous l'avons déjà mentionné, l'intelligence se développe lentement. À maintes reprises, Jésus avait enseigné la nature de la réalité spirituelle et le royaume des cieux. Mais les disciples, dont l'esprit était fixé sur les choses de ce monde, avaient du mal à élever leur esprit vers la lumière spirituelle. De ce fait, ils ne pouvaient pas comprendre la nature de la venue de Jésus, ni son désir d'établir un nouveau royaume fondé sur une nouvelle compréhension de Dieu. C'est pourquoi Jésus dit d'eux qu'ils sont "irréfléchis", un mot grec qui signifie "à l'esprit sensuel", et "lents de cœur à croire".

Comme les deux disciples que Jésus a rencontrés sur la route d'Emmaüs, notre compréhension s'ouvre aussi lentement, mais Jésus est toujours patient avec nous. Par le biais de sa Parole, il montre comment l'histoire de la rédemption est contenue dans les Écritures, "en commençant par Moïse et tous les prophètes" (Luc 24:27). Il s'agit d'une histoire simple et directe, qui ne concerne pas seulement le voyage intérieur de Jésus, mais aussi le nôtre. L'ouverture de notre compréhension, en particulier de notre compréhension de Jésus et de la nature de sa mission, est d'une importance capitale dans ce voyage. C'est pourquoi il est écrit qu'"il leur expliqua, dans toutes les Écritures, ce qui le concernait" (Luc 24:27).

Petit pain

28. Ils approchèrent du village où ils allaient, et Il fit comme s'il voulait aller plus loin.

29. Et ils le pressèrent, disant : restez avec nous, car le soir est proche, et le jour a décliné. Et Il entra pour rester avec eux.

30. Et comme il était couché avec eux, prenant du pain, il le bénit, et, le rompant, il le leur donna.

31. Leurs yeux s'ouvrirent, et ils Le connurent ; et Il leur devint invisible.

32. Et ils se dirent l'un à l'autre : "Notre coeur ne brûlait-il pas au-dedans de nous, tandis qu'Il nous parlait en chemin, et qu'Il nous ouvrait les Ecritures ?

33. Se levant à cette même heure, ils retournèrent à Jérusalem, et trouvèrent les onze assemblés, et ceux qui étaient avec eux,

34. Ils disaient : Le Seigneur est vraiment ressuscité, et Simon l'a vu.

35. Et ils expliquèrent les choses [faites] en chemin, et comment il leur avait été connu à la fraction du pain.

En poursuivant leur voyage, les deux disciples et Jésus s'approchent du village appelé Emmaüs. Apparemment, c'est là qu'ils vivent. C'est là que Jésus indique qu'il va continuer à marcher. Mais ils le supplient de rester avec eux, en disant : "Reste avec nous, car le soir tombe et le jour est bien avancé" (Luc 24:29). A cause de leur insistance, Jésus accepte leur invitation. Comme il est écrit, "il entra pour rester avec eux" (Luc 24:29).

Passer de la route à la maison symbolise une entrée plus profonde de Dieu dans notre vie. En entrant pour rester avec eux, Jésus initie l'acte le plus intime de la communion - le partage du repas de communion. Comme il est écrit : " Comme il était à table avec eux, il prit du pain, le bénit, le rompit et le leur donna " (Luc 24:30).

En accomplissant ce rituel bien connu, Jésus donne une leçon silencieuse sur son identité, suggérant qu'il n'est pas seulement un étranger sur la route, mais plutôt un père dans la maison. La leçon est profonde et ouvre leurs yeux spirituels à la réalité de la présence de Jésus. Comme il est écrit : " Alors leurs yeux s'ouvrirent, et ils le reconnurent " (Luc 24:31). C'est un autre incident qui n'est relaté que dans Luc. Dans le langage du symbolisme sacré, l'ouverture de leurs yeux fait référence à l'ouverture de leur compréhension afin qu'ils puissent connaître Jésus.

Il est important de noter que la conversation sur le chemin, lorsque Jésus leur a ouvert les Écritures, a préparé les disciples à l'ouverture de leurs yeux spirituels. Mais leurs yeux se sont ouverts plus complètement lorsque Jésus a béni le pain au milieu d'eux et l'a partagé avec eux. Le pain, parce qu'il est si essentiel à la vie, a toujours été un symbole universel de l'amour de Dieu pour l'humanité. C'est à ce moment-là, lorsque les disciples ressentent quelque chose de l'amour de Dieu dans la fraction du pain, que leurs yeux s'ouvrent et qu'ils savent que Jésus est au milieu d'eux. ¹¹

Cette expérience ne dure pas longtemps. Aussi rapidement que le moment de reconnaissance a traversé leur conscience, Jésus disparaît de leur vue (Luc 24:31). Néanmoins, la rencontre divine a fait une impression durable sur les deux disciples. Stupéfaits par ce qui vient de se passer, ils se tournent l'un vers l'autre et disent : "Notre cœur ne brûlait-il pas au-dedans de nous pendant qu'il nous parlait en chemin et qu'il nous ouvrait les Écritures ?". (Luc 24:32). Les disciples ont ressenti la chaleur ardente de l'amour du Seigneur lorsqu'il a ouvert leur compréhension à la signification intérieure de sa Parole. C'est parce que les vérités divines de la Parole contiennent la chaleur brûlante de l'amour du Seigneur. ¹²

Jésus apparaît à Simon

Emerveillés par leur expérience de la rencontre avec Jésus sur la route, les deux disciples se lèvent immédiatement et retournent à Jérusalem pour raconter aux autres disciples ce qui s'est passé. Lorsqu'ils arrivent, et qu'ils leur racontent leur expérience, les disciples de Jérusalem ont eux aussi des nouvelles passionnantes à annoncer. "Le Seigneur est vraiment ressuscité", disent les disciples réunis à Jérusalem. Et ils ajoutent : " Il est apparu à Simon " (Luc 24:34).

De manière significative, Pierre est ici appelé "Simon". Nous nous souvenons que Pierre a été le premier des disciples à courir vers le tombeau, mais une fois sur place, il n'a trouvé que les vêtements de lin de Jésus. Apparemment, "Pierre" n'a pas vu Jésus, mais "Simon" l'a vu. "Il est apparu à Simon", dit-on. La signification de ce détail important se trouve dans la compréhension de la différence entre le nom "Pierre" et le nom "Simon". Comme nous l'avons déjà souligné, le nom "Simon" signifie "entendre".

Chaque fois que les noms bibliques "Pierre" et "Simon" sont utilisés en contraste l'un avec l'autre, "Pierre" représente une foi plus superficielle - une foi basée sur les choses de la mémoire, et "Simon" représente une foi plus profonde - une foi basée sur la capacité d'entendre et de faire ce que Dieu commande. C'est pourquoi il est écrit que "le Seigneur est ressuscité, et il est apparu à Simon". ¹³

Jésus apparaît à ses disciples

36. Mais comme ils parlaient ainsi, Jésus lui-même se présenta au milieu d'eux et leur dit : La paix [soit] avec vous.

37. Mais, terrifiés et effrayés, ils croyaient voir un esprit.

38. Et il leur dit : Pourquoi êtes-vous troublés, et pourquoi des pensées s'élèvent-elles dans vos cœurs ?

39. Voyez Mes mains et Mes pieds, que c'est Moi-même ; touchez-Moi et voyez, car un esprit n'a ni chair ni os, comme vous Me voyez avoir.

40. Et ayant dit cela, Il leur montra [Ses] mains et [Ses] pieds.

41. Comme ils ne croyaient pas encore à la joie, et qu'ils étaient dans l'étonnement, il leur dit : Avez-vous ici quelque nourriture ?

42. Et ils lui donnèrent une partie d'un poisson grillé et un rayon de miel.

43. Et prenant [cela], Il mangea devant eux.

Manipuler les "os" et la "chair" de Jésus.

Les deux disciples qui ont rencontré Jésus sur la route d'Emmaüs sont maintenant retournés à Jérusalem pour rejoindre les onze disciples, Alors qu'ils partagent la nouvelle de leur rencontre avec Jésus et de la fraction du pain avec lui, soudain Jésus apparaît au milieu d'eux et dit : "Paix à vous.'"(Luc 24:36).

C'est comme si la simple mention de la fraction du pain suffisait à invoquer la présence de Jésus. Comme Jésus l'a dit lui-même, la nuit précédant sa crucifixion, lorsqu'il a rompu le pain et l'a donné à ses disciples : "Ceci est mon corps qui est donné pour vous. Faites ceci en mémoire de moi" (Luc 22:19). Ce sacrement très important contient un enseignement puissant sur la manière dont Dieu est avec nous, même dans les actes les plus physiques de la vie quotidienne, lorsqu'ils sont accomplis de manière respectueuse. En d'autres termes, l'amour et la sagesse de Dieu nous sont pleinement présents lorsque nous en faisons l'expérience simultanément à un niveau naturel et spirituel.

Nous pouvons le faire chaque fois que nous mangeons le pain de la sainte cène, en pensant à la réception de l'amour du Seigneur. De même, lorsque nous buvons le vin, nous pouvons penser à la réception de la sagesse du Seigneur. Il suffit d'une petite réflexion révérencieuse de notre part pour transformer cette simple activité physique en un acte de culte très saint. De cette façon, nous pouvons avoir le sentiment que le monde spirituel se déverse dans le monde naturel. C'est pourquoi la Sainte Cène est appelée "communion". C'est une communion du spirituel avec le naturel, de l'éternel avec le temporel, et du Seigneur avec une personne, dans un acte saint. Même si nous n'avons pas d'expérience perceptible de l'amour et de la sagesse du Seigneur, nous pouvons savoir que l'amour divin et la sagesse divine constituent l'essence même de Dieu et qu'il est réellement présent dans la Sainte Cène. ¹⁴

La Sainte Cène nous rappelle donc de manière palpable que Dieu seul nourrit à la fois nos corps et nos âmes. Le pain et le vin physiques sont pour notre corps ; le pain spirituel, qui est l'amour, et le vin spirituel, qui est la sagesse, sont pour notre âme. Se souvenir de cela en prenant la Sainte-Cène nous ouvre à l'expérience de la présence de Dieu. Après tout, dans le monde spirituel, la pensée apporte la présence. Nous pouvons donc comprendre que même une pensée révérencieuse à propos de la fraction du pain puisse invoquer la présence même de Jésus. ¹⁵

Jésus sait cependant que sa présence sera terrifiante pour les disciples, car ils ont peur des fantômes et des esprits. Il tente donc de calmer leurs craintes en leur disant : "Paix à vous". Il est écrit, cependant, qu'ils sont restés "épouvantés et effrayés et ils croyaient avoir vu un esprit" (Luc 24:37). Continuant à calmer leurs craintes, Jésus leur dit : " Pourquoi êtes-vous troublés ? Et pourquoi des doutes s'élèvent-ils dans vos cœurs ?" (Luc 24:38). Pour ôter tout doute sur le fait qu'il s'agit bien de Jésus, et non d'un esprit, il dit : "Voyez mes mains et mes pieds, c'est bien moi. Manipulez-moi et voyez, car un esprit n'a pas de chair et d'os comme vous voyez que j'en ai" (Luc 24:38-39).

Lorsque Jésus dit à ses disciples qu'il n'est pas un esprit, et qu'un esprit n'a pas de chair et d'os comme lui, il veut dire quelque chose de très précis. Il veut dire qu'Il est devenu un "corps" d'amour et de sagesse - non pas un corps matériel, mais un corps divinement spirituel. Sa "chair" est l'amour divin qu'Il s'efforce de donner à toute l'humanité, et ses "os" sont les vérités divines à travers lesquelles l'amour divin peut être exprimé. Ainsi, Jésus est devenu l'amour divin et la sagesse divine sous une forme humaine, visible à nos yeux spirituels. ¹⁶

Il ne s'agit pas d'une simple abstraction. En prenant un corps d'amour et de sagesse parfaits, Jésus-Christ est devenu l'incarnation parfaite de ce que signifie être un être divinement humain. Ce faisant, l'âme invisible de Dieu, appelée le Père, et le corps visible de Dieu, appelé Jésus, sont devenus un, tout comme l'âme dans le corps d'un être humain ne sont pas deux, mais un. ¹⁷

Ce processus d'unification avec le Père, ou la réunion de l'âme et du corps, a été graduel, continu, étape par étape, tout au long de la vie de Jésus, jusqu'à sa mort sur la croix. Lorsque Jésus a prononcé ses dernières paroles, "Père, entre tes mains je remets mon esprit", il annonçait la victoire finale. Il avait non seulement subjugué les enfers, mais il était aussi devenu un avec la divinité qui était en lui depuis sa naissance - la divinité intérieure qu'on appelait le "Père". ¹⁸

La croix, cependant, n'était pas la fin. C'était le début de la résurrection. Lorsqu'ils sont venus pour oindre le corps de Jésus, celui-ci était introuvable. Il avait simplement quitté le tombeau, ne laissant derrière lui que ses vêtements de lin. Il existe de nombreuses explications sur ce qui s'est passé dans le tombeau, mais la plus simple est que Jésus a glorifié son corps et l'a rendu entièrement divin. Il a fait cela en expulsant tout ce qui était de la nature purement humaine qu'il avait hérité de Marie, sa mère humaine, tout en prenant simultanément tout ce qui était de la nature divine du Père qui était en lui. Cela a permis à Dieu d'être plus proche de nous que jamais auparavant. Nous pouvons maintenant avoir une idée de Dieu fondée sur l'amour et la sagesse rendus visibles dans la vie, la mort et la résurrection de Jésus-Christ. ¹⁹

Manger du poisson et du rayon de miel

Tout cela, cependant, dépasse de loin la compréhension des disciples. Ils ont besoin d'une explication plus simple, qui fasse appel à leur mode de pensée matériel. C'est pourquoi Jésus leur dit d'aller de l'avant et de toucher ses mains et ses pieds, de le manipuler réellement et de voir qu'il n'est pas un esprit. Tout cela se produit parce que Jésus a ouvert leurs yeux spirituels et leur a permis de faire son expérience au niveau de la conscience spirituelle. Les disciples ont l'impression qu'il se manifeste à eux sur le plan matériel. C'est ce dont ils ont besoin pour le moment - une preuve apparemment matérielle.

Mais même dans ce cas, ils ne sont toujours pas convaincus. Comme il est écrit : " Mais ils ne croyaient pas encore à la joie " (Luc 24:41). Peut-être est-ce trop beau pour être vrai. Aussi, pour mettre les choses au clair, Jésus leur demande s'ils ont de quoi manger. Lorsqu'ils lui donnent un morceau de poisson grillé et du rayon de miel, il le prend et le mange en leur présence (Luc 24:43). Dans le langage des écritures sacrées, le poisson grillé représente la vérité nourrissante - la vérité qui nourrit l'âme. Et le doux rayon de miel représente le plaisir que l'on éprouve à vivre selon ces vérités. ²⁰

Pour les disciples, toucher les mains, les pieds et le corps de Jésus est très convaincant ; mais ce qui l'est encore plus, c'est de le voir manger du poisson et du rayon de miel. En agissant ainsi, Jésus démontre que Dieu ne doit plus être considéré comme une essence lointaine, invisible et inconnaissable qui imprègne l'univers de manière abstraite. Au contraire, Dieu peut maintenant être vu dans sa gloire ressuscitée comme une personne humaine et divine accessible, prête à s'engager dans une relation réciproque avec tous ceux qui sont prêts à le recevoir. En bref, un Dieu vague, distant, lointain était devenu visible, substantiel et aussi réel que l'amour et la sagesse qu'il est venu partager. ²¹

Une application pratique

La nature du corps ressuscité de Jésus a longtemps fait l'objet de débats. S'agissait-il d'une vision ou était-il vraiment là en chair et en os ? Même si nous ne connaissons pas la réponse, nous pouvons savoir que Jésus était visible pour ses disciples. Ils l'ont vu. On ne saurait surestimer l'importance d'avoir une idée visible de Dieu. Il est difficile de prier ou d'aimer une abstraction invisible. Mais une idée visible, divinement humaine, de Dieu est différente. Alors que nous ne pouvons pas attendre d'une vague idée qu'elle nous ouvre les yeux pour comprendre la vérité spirituelle, ou qu'elle nous remplisse du pouvoir de pardonner à nos ennemis, ou qu'elle nous permette de vaincre dans la tentation, un Dieu divinement humain peut le faire. Par conséquent, en guise d'application pratique, gardez à l'esprit l'idée de Dieu telle qu'elle s'est manifestée dans la vie de Jésus. Il s'agit d'une idée visible de Dieu qui dit : " Prenez garde et gardez-vous de la convoitise, car la vie d'une personne ne consiste pas dans l'abondance des biens (Luc 12:15). C'est une idée visible de Dieu qui dit : "Pardonnez et vous serez pardonnés" (Luc 6:37). C'est une idée visible de Dieu qui marche parmi nous, guérissant, bénissant et sauvant. C'est une idée visible de Dieu qui dit à chacun de nous : "Je suis au milieu de vous comme celui qui sert" (Luc 22:27). ²²

Jésus leur ouvre la voie

44. Et il leur dit : Ce sont [les] paroles que je vous ai dites pendant que j'étais encore avec vous, afin que s'accomplissent toutes les choses qui ont été écrites de moi dans la loi de Moïse et [dans] les prophètes et [dans] les psaumes.

45. Alors il leur ouvrit l'esprit pour qu'ils comprennent les Écritures,

46. Et il leur dit : C'est ainsi qu'il est écrit, et c'est ainsi que le Christ devait souffrir, et ressusciter des morts le troisième jour ;

47. Et que la repentance et le pardon des péchés soient prêchés en son nom à toutes les nations, à commencer par Jérusalem.

48. Et vous êtes témoins de ces choses.

Tout au long de son ministère, Jésus avait souvent dit à ses disciples qu'il devait aller à Jérusalem, être crucifié, et que le troisième jour il ressusciterait. Il savait qu'ils comprenaient mal ce qu'il voulait dire. Cela était clairement évident dans la façon dont ils continuaient à espérer qu'il devienne leur roi mondain - un roi qui leur donnerait des sièges d'honneur et d'autorité dans son royaume.

Tout cela a changé maintenant. Jésus a été crucifié, comme il l'avait dit. Et il est ressuscité, comme il l'avait dit. Il a suivi la voie qui lui était tracée, accomplissant tout ce qui avait été dit de lui dans les Écritures. C'est pourquoi il dit à ses disciples : "Voici les paroles que je vous ai dites quand j'étais encore avec vous : il faut que s'accomplisse tout ce qui est écrit de moi dans la loi de Moïse, dans les prophètes et dans les psaumes" (Luc 24:44).

Les disciples sont maintenant ouverts et prêts à recevoir ce que Jésus leur dit. Comme il est écrit, "il leur ouvrit l'intelligence pour qu'ils comprennent les Écritures" (Luc 24:45). Bien que nous ne disposions pas d'informations spécifiques sur ce que Jésus leur a dit, il est possible que cela comprenne certaines des prophéties concernant son avènement, sa vie, sa crucifixion et sa résurrection. En pénétrant plus profondément dans les parties historiques et prophétiques des Écritures hébraïques, en enlevant couche après couche, nous découvrons que, d'une certaine manière, tout ce que nous lisons se rapporte non seulement à la vie de Jésus-Christ mais aussi à notre propre réforme et régénération. ²³

Les mots "Il ouvrit leur intelligence" sont le point culminant de tout ce qui a précédé. Jusqu'à présent, les disciples avaient été pris dans leurs propres idées : par exemple, ils avaient leur propre conception de ce que signifierait la présence du Messie au milieu d'eux ; ils avaient leur propre conception de ce que serait la rédemption d'Israël ; et ils avaient leur propre conception de la " grandeur ", y compris les positions qu'ils occuperaient dans le royaume à venir. Jésus a dû leur enseigner le contraire. En fait, il a dû inverser complètement leur processus de pensée, en leur enseignant que les premiers seront les derniers, les derniers seront les premiers, et que les plus grands ne sont pas ceux qui sont servis, mais plutôt ceux qui servent (cf. Luc 13:30 et Luc 22:26).

Comme les disciples, nous commençons tous notre voyage spirituel avec notre propre compréhension de ce que signifie la réussite ou le bonheur. Tout comme les disciples avaient besoin que leur compréhension soit ouverte, nous avons besoin, nous aussi, que nos yeux spirituels soient ouverts afin que nous puissions vraiment comprendre les Écritures. Bien qu'il y ait d'innombrables choses à comprendre, Jésus n'en choisit que quelques-unes sur lesquelles il se concentre dans les derniers mots de cet évangile. Il commence par rappeler à ses disciples que le chemin du salut passe par la porte de la crucifixion. Comme il le dit, "il est écrit que le Christ devait souffrir et ressusciter des morts le troisième jour" (Luc 24:46).

Il s'agit d'une leçon sur la nécessité de la tentation. Sans tentation, sans combat spirituel, sans la volonté de prendre notre croix et de suivre Jésus, il ne peut y avoir de croissance spirituelle. C'est ce que Jésus a fait tout au long de sa vie et finalement sur la croix. Dans notre propre vie, nous passons par un processus similaire. À chaque tentation, nous sommes confrontés à un choix : nous pouvons nous appuyer sur notre propre compréhension et suivre notre propre volonté, ou nous pouvons faire confiance à Dieu et faire sa volonté. Si nous vainquons la tentation, c'est uniquement parce que nous avons reconnu nos penchants égoïstes et que nous nous sommes tournés vers Dieu pour qu'il nous aide à les surmonter.

La leçon suivante porte sur le repentir et le pardon des péchés. Comme le dit Jésus, "il fallait que le Christ souffre et ressuscite des morts le troisième jour, et que la repentance et le pardon des péchés soient prêchés en son nom à partir de Jérusalem" (Luc 24:46-47). Il convient de noter que le terme "repentance" est immédiatement suivi de l'expression "pardon des péchés". L'idée clé est qu'une fois que nous reconnaissons nos péchés, que nous prions pour l'aide du Seigneur et que nous renonçons à nos péchés, comme si c'était de nous-mêmes, nous en sommes retenus et maintenus dans un état de bien. Cela fait partie du merveilleux processus de réforme par lequel le Seigneur nous éloigne du mal et nous maintient dans le bien, nous éloignant constamment des péchés et nous inspirant constamment le bien. C'est ainsi que les péchés sont pardonnés (Luc 24:47). ²⁴

Commencer à Jérusalem

L'idée que ce processus de repentance et de pardon des péchés doit " commencer à Jérusalem " est familière. Jésus avait déjà enseigné à ses disciples à enlever d'abord la poutre de leur propre œil, et ensuite ils verraient clairement pour enlever la paille qui est dans l'œil de leur frère (cf. 6:42). C'est là que tout commence : avec soi-même. Rien n'ouvre davantage la compréhension que l'observation honnête de soi et la volonté de fuir les maux comme des péchés contre Dieu. Dès que nous nous efforçons de renoncer à un désir inférieur ou de l'éviter, la lumière supérieure afflue. Mais si nous refusons de faire le travail de repentance, les mauvais désirs et les fausses pensées resteront en nous. Ils ne peuvent pas être remis, pardonnés ou renvoyés, simplement parce que nous choisissons de rester en eux. ²⁵

Par conséquent, l'exhortation à "prêcher la repentance et la rémission des péchés en commençant par Jérusalem" signifie qu'ils doivent commencer par se concentrer sur l'étude de la Parole avec l'idée qu'ils doivent d'abord enlever la tache de leur propre œil avant de pouvoir sortir et prêcher aux autres. La vérité que Jésus a enseignée leur fournira la lumière qui leur permettra de voir leurs propres maux et de s'efforcer de les fuir. Finalement, ils deviendront "témoins de ces choses" (Luc 24:48). Ils seraient en mesure de témoigner avec audace des merveilleux changements qui se sont produits dans leur propre vie lorsqu'ils ont entrepris l'œuvre de repentance et de rémission des péchés à la lumière de la vérité du Seigneur. Comme il est écrit dans les Écritures hébraïques, "Jérusalem sera appelée la Cité de la Vérité". ²⁶

Séjourner dans la ville de Jérusalem

49. Et voici, j'envoie sur vous la promesse de mon Père ; mais restez assis dans la ville de Jérusalem, jusqu'à ce que vous ayez revêtu la puissance d'en haut.

50. Il les conduisit jusque dans Béthanie, et, levant les mains, il les bénit.

51. Comme il les bénissait, il se retira d'eux et fut élevé au ciel.

52. Et eux, après l'avoir adoré, retournèrent à Jérusalem avec une grande joie.

53. Et ils étaient continuellement dans le temple, louant et bénissant Dieu. Amen.

Les disciples avaient parcouru un long chemin. Ils étaient avec Jésus depuis trois ans ; ils avaient été témoins de ses nombreux miracles et guérisons ; ils avaient entendu ses discours et écouté ses paraboles ; ils avaient mangé avec lui et prié avec lui ; ils avaient assisté à son procès et à sa crucifixion ; et ils l'avaient vu sous sa forme ressuscitée. Bien que leur foi ait souvent vacillé, elle était devenue plus forte et plus certaine. Bientôt, ils iraient proclamer l'Évangile et guider les autres, mais pour l'instant, ils devaient rester à Jérusalem. Jésus s'exprime ainsi : "Voici que j'envoie sur vous la promesse de mon Père ; mais restez dans la ville de Jérusalem jusqu'à ce que vous soyez revêtus de la puissance d'en haut" (...).Luc 24:49).

Nous avons déjà souligné que le commandement de "commencer par Jérusalem" suggère que les disciples avaient encore du travail à faire avant de porter l'Évangile aux autres, en particulier le travail de repentance et de rémission des péchés. Mais il y a plus. Jérusalem était le centre où l'on adorait Dieu et où l'on étudiait les Écritures. Le temple s'y trouvait ; le sacerdoce y était ; les grandes fêtes y étaient célébrées. Ainsi, la mention de la ville "Jérusalem" signifie l'étude de la Parole avec une attention particulière sur la façon dont elle peut s'appliquer à soi-même.

En disant aux disciples de "s'arrêter à Jérusalem", Jésus reporte leur travail missionnaire plus large jusqu'à ce qu'ils puissent développer une compréhension plus profonde de l'Écriture, et utiliser cette compréhension pour faire le travail de repentance. Ce n'est qu'alors qu'ils seront "revêtus de la puissance d'en haut". Car sans une compréhension correcte du Seigneur et de sa Parole, ils ne seraient pas en mesure de recevoir une telle puissance. Avant de pouvoir enseigner aux autres, ils doivent apprendre à se connaître eux-mêmes ; avant de pouvoir vraiment aimer les autres, ils doivent apprendre à aimer. Avant de prêcher l'Évangile, ils devraient bien le comprendre. Tout cela aurait pour but le développement d'une compréhension supérieure. Ce n'est qu'alors qu'ils seraient prêts à recevoir "la promesse du Père et à être revêtus de la puissance d'en haut". Ils doivent d'abord connaître la vérité avant d'être capables de la vouloir et de la faire. ²⁷

Il est intéressant de noter que tant Matthieu que Marc se terminent par une commission directe consistant à " aller dans le monde entier pour faire des disciples de toutes les nations " (Matthieu 28:19) et "prêcher l'Évangile à toute créature" (Marc 16:15). Mais lorsque nous arrivons à la fin de Luc, il y a une différence. Ils doivent d'abord " demeurer à Jérusalem " jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient " revêtus de la puissance d'en haut " (Luc 24:49). C'est une focalisation différente ; c'est un appel à un niveau différent de l'esprit. Comme nous l'avons souligné depuis le début de cet évangile, l'accent dans Luc est mis sur la manière dont Dieu est reçu dans l'entendement. Nous avons noté que le premier verset de Luc commence par une référence à " ces choses qui sont très sûrement croyantes " ; dans le deuxième verset, nous lisons des " témoins oculaires " ; au troisième verset, Lucé parle d'avoir eu "une compréhension parfaite" ; et au quatrième verset, Lucé dit qu'il écrit ces choses afin que son lecteur "puisse connaître la certitude des choses dans lesquelles tu as été instruit" (Luc 1:1-4).

Tous ces termes et expressions suggèrent l'intellect - l'aspect connaissant, pensant, comprenant de la nature humaine. Même la scène d'ouverture de cet évangile, décrivant un prêtre offrant de l'encens dans le temple, évoque le côté intellectuel de la religion - la vie de prière et d'adoration, la dévotion résolue à lire, comprendre et être instruit dans les Écritures. Il est donc approprié que Luc se termine là où il commence, par une exhortation aux disciples à " rester à Jérusalem " - pour développer leur compréhension de la doctrine et apprendre à l'appliquer à leur propre vie.

Dans la dernière scène de l'évangile de Luc, Jésus conduit ses disciples à Béthanie où "il leva les mains et les bénit" (Luc 24:50). Et au moment même où il les bénit, il est séparé d'eux et "emporté au ciel" (Luc 24:51). Cette scène, connue sous le nom d'"Ascension", est un moment très important pour les disciples. Pendant trois ans, ils ont été dans l'incertitude au sujet de Jésus, ne connaissant pas l'étendue de son pouvoir ou la profondeur de son amour. Mais cela se passe avant la résurrection. Maintenant, ils le savent vraiment. Pour eux, Jésus n'est plus un maître religieux ou un Messie mondain, il est leur Seigneur. L'idée de Jésus a surgi dans leur esprit. Nous lisons donc qu'"ils l'adoraient" (Luc 24:52).

Puis ils font exactement ce que Jésus leur a demandé. Comme il est écrit, "ils retournèrent à Jérusalem avec une grande joie et étaient continuellement dans le temple, louant et bénissant Dieu" (Luc 24:52-53).

* * *

L'Évangile selon Luc commence et se termine dans le temple. Plus que tout autre évangile, Luc traite de l'ouverture de l'entendement. En lisant la conclusion joyeuse, nous ressentons l'excitation des disciples qui retournent au temple, louant et bénissant Dieu. Bien que ce soit la fin de Luc, le processus de régénération humaine ne se termine pas dans le temple. La vraie religion implique plus qu'une compréhension très évoluée. Elle implique également la volonté de vivre selon cette compréhension, c'est-à-dire de faire la volonté de Dieu, et pas seulement de savoir. C'est ce que signifient "la promesse de mon Père" et le fait d'être "revêtu de la puissance d'en haut".

Il est, bien sûr, nécessaire que notre compréhension soit d'abord ouverte afin que nous puissions comprendre les Écritures, nous repentir de nos péchés et commencer le processus de réforme. En un sens, c'est notre "première naissance" - tout comme la Genèse commence par les mots "Que la lumière soit" (Genèse 1:3). Mais quelque chose d'autre doit suivre. Dans notre première naissance, nous prions pour que notre esprit soit ouvert afin que nous puissions comprendre les Écritures ; dans notre seconde naissance, nous prions pour que notre cœur soit ouvert afin que nous puissions vivre selon elles. Et ainsi, l'Évangile selon Luc est un récit de la manière dont une nouvelle compréhension naît en nous. Il s'agit d'une première naissance. "Il leur ouvrit l'intelligence". Il s'ensuit donc que le prochain évangile de la série divine enregistrera cette autre naissance essentielle qui doit avoir lieu en nous : la naissance d'une nouvelle volonté.

Pour une description détaillée de la façon dont ce processus se déroule dans chaque cœur humain, et comment nous recevons " la puissance d'en haut ", nous nous tournons maintenant vers le dernier évangile - l'Évangile selon Jean.

Notes de bas de page:

619. But in thy mouth it shall be sweet as honey, signifies outwardly delightful. This is evident from the signification of "mouth," as being what is exterior; for this treats of the little book and eating it up, and "the little book" signifies the Word, and "eating it up" signifies perception and exploration; thence "the mouth," which first receives, means the external of the Word. It is evident also from the signification of "sweet as honey," as being the delight of natural good. The external of the Word was "sweet as honey," that is, thus delightful, because the external of the Word is such that it can be applied to any love whatever, or to any principle derived therefrom; and these can be confirmed by it. The external of the Word, which is the sense of its letter, is such because many things in it are written in accordance with the appearances presented to the natural man, and many appearances, when not interiorly understood, are fallacies, like the fallacies of the senses. Those, therefore, who love to live for the body and for the world, by means of these appearances draw over the external of the Word to confirm evils of life and falsities of faith.

[2] This was done especially by the sons of Jacob, who applied all things of the Word to themselves, and from the sense of the letter they held the belief, and also maintain it to this day, that they were chosen in preference to others, and therefore were a holy nation; that their Jerusalem, the temple there, the ark, the altar, the sacrifices, with innumerable other things, were holy of themselves; they did not know, and did not wish to know, that the holiness of all those things proceeded solely from this, that they represented things Divine proceeding from the Lord that are called celestial and spiritual, and are the holy things of heaven and the church, and that to think that these are holy of themselves, and not because of the Divine things they represent, would be to falsify and adulterate the Word by applying it to themselves and to their own loves. It was similar with their belief respecting the Messiah, that he would be king of the world, and would raise them above all other nations and peoples throughout the globe; not to mention other things which they gathered from the mere sense of the letter of the Word, which to them were sweet as honey in the mouth. This is why the things in the spiritual sense of the Word are undelightful, for in that sense are the truths themselves which are not according to appearances; as that the Jewish nation itself was not holy, but worse than every other nation, consequently that it was not chosen; that the city of Jerusalem merely signifies the Lord's church and doctrine respecting Him and the holy things of heaven and the church; and that the temple, the ark, the altar, and the sacrifices represented the Lord and the holy things that proceed from Him, and that for this and no other reason were they holy. These are truths that are stored up inwardly in the sense of the letter of the Word, that is, in its internal spiritual sense; and these truths they deny, because, as was said, they have falsified and adulterated the Word in the sense of the letter; and these things therefore are undelightful to them, like foods that are bitter in the belly.

[3] It is said that the little book was "in the mouth sweet as honey," because "honey" signifies the delight of natural good; that "honey" signifies that delight can be seen from the following passages. In Ezekiel:

It was said to the prophet, Open wide thy mouth and eat that I give thee. And I saw and behold, a hand was put forth unto me, and lo, the roll of a book was therein; and when he had spread it before me it was written in front and behind, and written thereon were dirges, moaning, and woe. Then he said unto me, Son of man, eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel. Then he said unto me, Feed thy belly and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee; and when I ate it, it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness. And he said, Go to the house of Israel and speak my words unto them (Ezekiel 2:8-10; 3:1-4).

These things involve things altogether similar to those in Revelation. The command to the prophet Ezekiel "to eat the roll of the book" involves something similar as the command to John "to eat the little book," namely, to explore how the Divine truth which is in the Word is yet received, perceived, and appropriated by those who are of the church; for the prophet Ezekiel and John represent the doctrine of truth and the Word, therefore the exploration was made with them. It was made by eating a book, because "to eat" signifies to perceive and thus to appropriate, as has been shown above; and when this has been ascertained, namely, how the Word was still perceived, it is said to the prophet Ezekiel that "he should go to the house of Israel and speak to them the words of God;" also to the prophet John that "he must prophesy," that is, still teach the Word in the church; and this because the book was perceived to be "in his mouth sweet as honey," that is, because the Word in the sense of the letter is still delightful, but for the reason that this sense can be applied to any principles of falsity and to any loves of evil, and can thus serve them in confirming the delights of the natural life separated from the delights of the spiritual life; and when these are separated they become mere delights of the loves of the body and of the world whence are principles of falsity from fallacies.

[4] In Isaiah:

A virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call His name God-with-us. Butter and honey shall He eat, that He may know to reject the evil and to choose the good (Isaiah 7:14, 15).

That this was said of the Lord is proved in Matthew (Matthew 1:23). Anyone can see that "butter and honey" do not mean here butter and honey, but something Divine corresponding to them, for it is added, "that He may know to reject the evil and to choose the good," and that is not known by eating butter and honey; but "butter" signifies the delight of spiritual good, and "honey" the delight of natural good, consequently the two signify the Lord's Divine spiritual and Divine natural, and thus His Human, interior and exterior. That the Lord's Human is meant can be seen from its being said that "a virgin shall conceive and bear a son;" and that it is Divine from its being said, "and shall call His name God-with-us," "to call a name" signifying the quality of a thing, here what the Divine is, for He was to be called "God-with-us."

[5] "Butter and honey" also signify the delight of spiritual and natural good in these words in the same chapter:

Butter and honey shall everyone eat that remains in the land (verse 22).

"That remains" mean those that are inwardly and also outwardly good from the Lord, consequently who receive the good proceeding from the Lord in truths; the blessedness therefrom of the internal or spiritual man, and also of the external or natural man, is signified by "butter and honey."

[6] In Job:

He shall suck the poison of asps; the viper's tongue shall slay him. He shall not see the streams, the flowings of the brooks of honey and butter (Job 20:16, 17).

This is said of hypocrites who talk well and smoothly about God, about the neighbor, and about heaven and the church, and yet think altogether otherwise; and because they cunningly contrive by these means to captivate minds, although in heart they cherish what is infernal, it is said, "He shall suck the poison of asps, the viper's tongue shall slay him." That such have no delight in natural good or spiritual good is meant by "He shall not see the streams, the flowings of the brooks of honey and butter," "streams" meaning the things of intelligence, and "the flowings of the brooks of honey and butter," the things therefrom that are of affection and love, which are the very delights of heavenly life. Every delight of life that abides to eternity is a delight of spiritual good and truth, and from that a delight of natural good and truth; but hypocritical delight is a natural delight separate from spiritual delight, and this delight is turned in the other life into what is direfully infernal. Evidently "butter and honey" do not mean here butter and honey, for where, in the world, can there be found "flowings of brooks of honey and butter"?

[7] "Milk and honey" have a similar signification as "butter and honey;" and as "milk" signifies the delight of spiritual good, and "honey" the delight of natural good, and these delights are with those who are of the Lord's church, therefore the land of Canaan, which signifies the church, was called:

A land flowing with milk and honey (Exodus 3:8, 17; Leviticus 20:24; Numbers 13:27; 14:8; Deuteronomy 6:3; 11:9; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20; Joshua 5:6; Jeremiah 11:5; 32:22; Ezekiel 20:6).

That in the Word "the land of Canaan" means the church has been shown above (n. 29, 304, 431); and the church is with those only who are in spiritual good and at the same time in natural good; in such the church is formed by the Lord; for the church is in man and not outside of him, consequently is not with those with whom these goods are not. These goods with their delights are signified by "milk and honey."

[8] There was also much honey in the land of Canaan at that time, because at that time the church of the Lord was there, as can be seen from the first book of Samuel, where it is said:

That they came into the forest, where there was honey upon the face of the ground, and there was a stream of honey, and Jonathan's eyes were opened by tasting the honey (1 Samuel 14:25-27, 29).

"Jonathan's eyes were opened by tasting the honey" because "honey" corresponds to natural good and its delight, and this good gives intelligence and enlightens, from which Jonathan knew that he had done evil; as we read in Isaiah, "He shall eat butter and honey, that he may know to reject the evil and to choose the good." For at that time correspondences exhibited their effects outwardly, since all things of the Israelitish Church consisted of correspondences, which represented and signified things celestial and spiritual.

[9] Again, "oil and honey" have a similar signification as "butter and honey" in the following passages. In Moses:

He made him to ride on the high places of the earth, and fed him with the produce of the fields; he made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock (Deuteronomy 32:13).

This is in the song of Moses, which treats of the church in its beginning, and afterward in its progress, and finally in its end. Those that constituted the Ancient Church are described by these words, not those however who constituted the Israelitish Church, for these were evil from the beginning even to the end, as can be seen from their fathers in Egypt, and afterwards in the wilderness; but the Ancient Church, the men of which are meant by "their fathers," was that which the Lord "made to ride on the high places of the earth, and fed with the produce of the fields." That to these the good of natural love and the good of spiritual love with their delights were given by means of truths, from which they had their intelligence and according to which they lived, is signified by "he made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock," "honey" signifying the delight of natural love, "oil," the delight of spiritual love, and "the cliff" and "the flint of the rock," truth from the Lord. (That "oil" signifies the good of love and charity, may be seen above, n. 375; and that "cliffs" and "rocks" signify truth from the Lord, n. 411, 443)

[10] In David:

I fed ¹ them with the fat of wheat, and with honey out of the rock I satisfied them (Psalms 81:16).

"The fat of wheat" signifies the delight of spiritual good, and "honey out of the rock," the delight of natural good through truths from the Lord (as above). It is to be known that natural good is not good unless there is also spiritual good; for all good flows in through the spiritual man or mind into the natural man or mind, and so far as the natural man or mind receives the good of the spiritual man or mind so far man receives good; that there may be good there must be both, or the two sides, consequently natural good separated from spiritual good is in itself evil, although by man it is still perceived as good. Since there must be both, it is said in the passages cited and yet to be cited, "butter and honey," "milk and honey;" "fat and honey," as also "oil and honey;" and "butter," "milk," "fat," and "oil" signify the good of spiritual love, and "honey" the good of natural love, together with their delights.

[11] In Ezekiel:

Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver, and thy garments were fine linen and silk and broidered work; thou didst eat fine flour, honey, and oil, whence thou didst become exceeding beautiful, and didst prosper even to a kingdom. But my bread which I gave thee, and the fine flour and oil and honey with which I fed thee, thou didst set before idols as an odor of rest (Ezekiel 16:13, 19).

This is said about Jerusalem, which signifies the church, first the Ancient Church, and afterwards the Israelitish Church. Of the Ancient Church it is said "she was decked with gold and silver," which signifies the love of good and truth that the men of that Church had; "the garments of fine linen, silk, and broidered work," signify the knowledges of celestial, spiritual, and natural truth, "fine linen" signifying truth from a celestial origin, "silk" truth from a spiritual origin, and "broidered work" truth from a natural origin, which is called knowledge [scientificum]. "She ate fine flour, honey and oil," signifies the perception of natural and spiritual truth and good, and their appropriation, "to eat" signifying to be appropriated, "fine flour" truth, "honey" natural good, and "oil" spiritual good, which were appropriated to them by a life according to the truths above mentioned. "She became exceeding beautiful and prospered even to a kingdom" signifies to become intelligent and wise so as to constitute a church, "beauty" signifying intelligence and wisdom, and a "kingdom" the church. But of the Israelitish Church, which was merely in externals without internals, whence the men of that church were idolatrous, it is said that "they set the fine flour, honey, and oil before the images of a male, or idols, as an odor of rest," that is, they perverted the truths and goods of the church into falsities and evils, and thus profaned them.

[12] In the same:

Judah and the land of Israel were thy merchants in the wheats of Minnith and Pannag, and honey and oil and balsam they gave for thy merchandise (Ezekiel 27:17).

This is said of Tyre, which signifies the church in respect to the knowledges of truth and good; so, too, "Tyre" signifies the knowledges of truth and good themselves belonging to the church; "oil and honey" have a similar signification as above. What is meant here in the spiritual sense by "Judah and the land of Israel," by "the wheats of Minnith and Pannag," and by "balsam," also by "the merchandise of Tyre," may be seen explained above n. 433.

[13] In Moses:

A land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths going forth from the valley and mountain; a land of wheat and barley, and of vine and fig-tree and pomegranate; and of olive oil and honey (Deuteronomy 8:7, 8).

This is said of the land of Canaan, which means the church which is in celestial, spiritual, and natural good, and in truths therefrom; but the contents of this verse are explained above (n. 374, 403), showing that "oil and honey" here signify the good of love in the internal or spiritual man and in the external or natural man.

[14] In David:

The judgments of Jehovah are truth, they are righteous altogether; more desirable than gold and than much fine gold; and sweeter than honey and the dropping of honeycombs (Psalms 19:9, 10).

In the same:

I have not departed from Thy judgment; for Thou hast instructed me. How sweet are Thy words to my palate, more than honey to my mouth (Psalms 119:102, 103).

"Judgments" signify the truths and goods of worship, therefore it is said "the judgments of Jehovah are truth, they are righteous altogether;" "righteous" signifies the good of life and worship therefrom; and as good is also signified by "gold" and "fine gold," it is said that "they are more desirable than gold and than much fine gold," "gold" meaning celestial good, "fine gold" spiritual good, and "desirable" means what belongs to affection and love. Since the goods by which a man is affected are delightful it is said that they are "sweeter than honey and the dropping of honeycombs," and that "the words of Jehovah are sweet to the palate, more than honey to the mouth," "sweet" signifying what is delightful, "honey" natural good, and "the dropping of honeycombs" natural truth. And because "honey" means natural good, and the "mouth" signifies what is external, it is said "more than honey to my mouth," as in Revelation, that "the little book was sweet as honey in the mouth."

[15] In Luke:

Jesus said to the disciples, who believed that they saw a spirit, See My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself; feel of Me and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones as ye see Me having. Then He said to them, Have ye here anything to eat? And they gave Him a piece of a broiled fish and of a honeycomb. And He took it and did eat it before them (Luke 24:39, 41-43).

From the series of these words regarded in the spiritual sense it is very evident that "honeycomb" and "honey" signify natural good, for the Lord disclosed to His disciples that He had glorified or made Divine His whole Human, even to its natural and sensual; this is signified by "hands and feet" and by "flesh and bones," which they saw and felt, "hands and feet" signifying the ultimate of man which is called the natural, "flesh" its good, and "bones" its truth; for all things that are in the human body correspond to spiritual things, the "flesh" corresponding to the good of the natural man, and the "bones" to its truths. (On this correspondence, see in the work on Heaven and Hell 87-102.) And this the Lord confirmed by eating before the disciples of the broiled fish and honeycomb; "the broiled fish" signifying the truth of good of the natural and sensual man, and "the honeycomb," the good of the truth of the same. The Lord, therefore, by letting them feel of Him, showed and confirmed that His whole Human, even to its ultimates, was glorified, that is, made Divine; and this He showed, too, by the eating, in that "He ate before them a piece of broiled fish and of a honeycomb."

[16] As "honey" signifies the good of the natural man, so also:

John the Baptist had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his food was locusts and wild honey (Matthew 3:4; Mark 1:6).

For John the Baptist represented something similar as Elijah; wherefore it is also said that "Elijah should come," by whom John is meant. Elijah represented the Lord in relation to the Word, or the Word from the Lord; John had a similar representation; and as the Word teaches that the Messiah or the Lord was about to come, John was sent before to preach respecting the Lord's coming, according to the predictions in the Word. And as John represented the Word, therefore he represented the ultimates of the Word, which are natural, by his raiment and also by his food, namely, by his raiment of camel's hair and the leathern girdle about his loins; "camel's hair" signifying the ultimates of the natural man, such as are the exterior things of the Word, and "the leathern girdle about the loins," the external bond and connection of these with the interior things of the Word, which are spiritual. "Locust and wild honey" have a like signification, "locust" signifying the truth of the natural man, and "wild honey" its good. It is the same whether you say the truth and good of the natural man or natural truth and good, such as the Word is in its ultimate sense, which is called the sense of the letter or the natural sense, for this was what John represented by his raiment and food.

[17] That:

No leaven and no honey were to be offered in the offerings made by fire to Jehovah (Leviticus 2:11);

because "leaven" signifies the falsity of the natural man, and "honey" the delight of good of the natural man, and in the contrary sense the delight of its evil; this is also like leaven when it is mixed with such things as signify things interiorly holy, for natural delight draws its own from the delights of the love of self and of the world; and as the Israelitish nation was in such delights more than other nations, therefore they were forbidden to use honey in their sacrifices. (On the signification of "honey," as meaning the delight of the good of the natural man, see Arcana Coelestia 5650, 6857, 8056, 10137, 10530)

[18] That:

When Samson had rent the young lion he found in its carcass a swarm of bees and honey, when he was about to take a wife from the Philistine nation (Judges 14:8);

signified the dissipation of faith separated from charity, which the Philistine nation represented; for this reason the Philistines were called "uncircumcised," and this term signified that they were without spiritual love and charity and only in natural love, which is the love of self and of the world. Because such a faith destroys the good of charity it was represented by a young lion that attacked Samson with intent to tear him in pieces, but as Samson was a Nazirite, and by his Naziriteship represented the Lord in respect to His ultimate natural, he rent the lion, and afterwards found in its carcass "a swarm of bees and honey," and this signifies that when such faith has been dissipated, the good of charity succeeds in its place. The other things related of Samson in the book of Judges have a like signification; for there is nothing written in the Word that does not represent and signify such things as belong to heaven and the church, and these can be known only by a knowledge of correspondences, and thus from the spiritual sense of the Word.

Notes de bas de page:

411. Verse 16. And they said to the mountains and to the rocks, Fall on us, signifies to be covered over by evils and by falsities therefrom. This is evident from the signification of "mountains," as being the evils that flow from the loves of self and of the world (of which above, n. 405; also from the signification of "rocks," as being the falsities from evil (of which below); also from the signification of "fall on us," as being to be covered by them. These things, too, are to be illustrated by such things as occur in the spiritual world when the Last Judgment takes place; for they are said respecting the Last Judgment, as is evident from the following verse, where it is said, "For the great day of His anger is come, and who is able to stand?" that "day" meaning the time and state of the Last Judgment. The state of the wicked then is such that from the mountains and rocks upon which they have made their habitations they cast themselves down into the hells, more or less deeply according to the atrocity of the evils and falsities with them; and this they themselves do, because they cannot endure Divine good and Divine truth, the higher heavens then being opened, from which the light of heaven flows in, which is Divine truth united to Divine good, by which light their pretended goods and truths are constricted, and these being constricted their evils and falsities are loosened; and as evils and falsities cannot endure the light of heaven, for they are pained and tortured by it, these spirits cast themselves from the mountains and rocks into the hells, more or less deeply according to the quality of their evil and falsity; some into gaps and caves, and some into holes and rocks, which then stand open before them; but as soon as they have cast themselves in, the openings are closed up. In this way the casting out of evil spirits from the mountains and hills which they have occupied is effected (See above, n. 391-392, 392, 394); and when they are in the caves and among the rocks the pains and torments they suffered from the influx of the light of heaven cease; for they find rest in their evils and in the falsities therefrom, because these had been their delights; for the delights of his life remain with everyone after death, and the delights of life are the delights of their loves, for every delight of life is from love.

[2] From this the signification of their "calling to the mountains and the rocks to fall on them" can be seen; likewise what is signified in Hosea:

They shall say to the mountains, Cover us, and to the hills, Fall on us (Hosea 10:8).

And in Luke:

Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us, and to the hills, Hide us (Luke 23:30).

This, too, treats of the Last Judgment. The light of heaven, which is Divine truth united to Divine good, by the influx and presence of which the evil who cast themselves down are pained and tormented, is meant by the words immediately following in this verse; "hide us from the face of Him that sitteth on the throne, and from the anger of the Lamb;" it is said "the anger O the Lamb" because they are in torment; but their torment is not from that, but from the evils of their loves and from the falsities of their faith; and because these evils and falsities have formed all the interiors of their mind (for each one's mind is formed by his love and its faith, even so as to be a likeness of these in form), and because the interiors of the mind of those who are in evils and in falsities therefrom are turned away in a contrary direction, or to a quarter opposite to Divine goods and truths, therefore when Divine truth flows in and endeavors to reverse the action of the interiors of their mind, and thereby to lead them into heaven (for this is what Divine truth proceeding from the Lord does everywhere where it flows in), and they are unwilling to abandon the delights of their loves, they suffer anguish and torment; but these cease when they come into the hells where like delights or like loves prevail.

[3] Having shown above n. 405 what "mountains and hills" signify, it shall now be shown what "rocks" signify, namely, that they signify truth from spiritual good, also the truth and good of faith, but in the contrary sense the falsity of faith. This signification of "rocks" is also from appearances in the spiritual world; for rocks and crags are seen there as mountains and hills are seen, as was shown above, and upon the rocks there those dwell who are in truths from spiritual good, and who are in the truth and good of faith. The difference between the mountains and hills, and the rocks and crags, is that the former are of soil, and the latter of stone, and "soil" corresponds to and thus signifies the good of love, and "stone" corresponds to and thus signifies the truth of faith. And as most things in the Word have also a contrary sense, so do "rocks," and in that sense they signify the falsity of faith, and this also from correspondence; for those who are in the falsities of faith dwell there within the rocks in caverns.

[4] That "rock" signifies truth from good and the truth of faith, and in the highest sense the Lord in respect to these, is evident from the following passages. In Daniel:

Thou sawest ¹ till that a stone was cut out, not by hands, and it smote the image upon his feet, that were iron and clay. And the stone that smote the image became a great rock and filled the whole earth (Daniel 2:34-35).

This was said of the image that Nebuchadnezzar saw in his dream. "The stone that became a great rock" means the Lord, as is evident from the particulars there. But first let the signification of what precedes be told; "the head of the image" which was gold, signifies the Most Ancient Church, which was a celestial church, or a church in which the good of love to the Lord reigned; this good is signified in the Word by "gold," and also by "the head;" "the breast" and "the arms" which were silver, signify the Ancient Church, which succeeded the Most Ancient, and this church was a spiritual church, or a church in which the good of charity towards the neighbor, and truth from that good, reigned; this truth and good are signified by "silver," and also by "the breast" and "the arms;" "the belly and the thighs which were brass" signify the church that succeeded the ancient spiritual church and which may be called spiritual-natural; in this church the good of faith and the truth from that good reigned; this good is signified in the Word by "brass," and also by "the belly" and "the thighs;" but "the legs and the feet, which were part iron and part clay," signify the Israelitish and Jewish Church, which was an external church without any internal, and which therefore had no truth and good, but truth falsified which in itself is falsity, and good adulterated which in itself is evil; therefore it is said respecting it in this chapter:

Whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of man; but they shall not cohere one with the other, even as iron doth not mingle with clay (Daniel 2:43).

"Iron" signifies natural truth, and "miry clay" natural good; "the feet and legs" have a like meaning; but here "clay" signifies good adulterated, and "iron" such truth as there is in the external sense of the Word; for "the seed of man" means the Word where there are goods and truths, the adulterations and falsifications of which are described by "iron mixed with clay, which do not cohere one with the other." (That there have been four churches, one after another, may be seen in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 247, 248 .) "The stone" that smote the image means Divine truth from the Lord; that "it became a great rock and filled the whole earth" signifies that the Lord by Divine truth is to rule over heaven and the church; "the earth" here meaning the church and also heaven; therefore it is added that this kingdom "shall stand forever" (verse Daniel 2:44), "kingdom" also signifying the church and heaven, for there is the kingdom of God. That Divine truth is here meant by "stone," and the Lord in respect to Divine truth by "rock," is evident from the signification of "stone" in the Word when predicated of the Lord (as in Genesis 49:24; Psalms 118:22-23; Isaiah 28:16; Matthew 21:42, 21:44; Mark 12:10-11; Luke 20:17-18). Whether you say the Lord or Divine truth it is the same, since all Divine truth is from Him, and thence He is in it; and it is from this that the Lord is called "the Word," for the Word is Divine truth. (That "stone" in the highest sense signifies the Lord in respect to Divine truth, and thence in a lower sense truth from good, see Arcana Coelestia 643[1-4], 1298, 3720, 6426, 8609, 10376)

[5] That "rock" signifies the Lord in respect to Divine truth, is plain from:

The rock in Horeb from which waters were given to the Israelitish people (Exodus 17:5-6);

and that it was commanded:

That Moses and Aaron should speak unto the cliff, and thus should sanctify Jehovah in the eyes of the sons of Israel; but that Moses smote it with a staff two times, therefore it was declared to Moses and Aaron that they should not bring the people into the land of Canaan (Numbers 20:8-13).

It is known in the church that this "rock" signified the Lord; but it is not known that it had this signification because "rock" in the Word signifies the Divine truth that proceeds from the Lord; this was why Moses and Aaron were commanded to speak to it, and thus to sanctify Jehovah in the eyes of the sons of Israel. Also "the waters" that flowed forth signify Divine truth; and "the people drinking of them" signifies to nourish spiritually, which is done by instructing and teaching. (That "waters" signify truths, see above, n. 71; and that "to drink," and "to be given to drink," signify to be instructed and to be taught, see Arcana Coelestia, n. (Arcana Coelestia 3069, 3772, 4017-4018, 8562, 9412) The like is signified by "rock" in Isaiah:

They shall not thirst; He will lead them in desolate places; He will cause the waters to flow out of the rock for them, when He cleaveth the rock that the waters may issue (Isaiah 48:21).

In David:

He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and made them to drink of the great depths; and He brought streams out of the cliff; and they remembered that God was their Rock, and the most high God their Redeemer (Psalms 78:15-16, 20, 35).

In the same:

He opened the rock that the waters might issue out; they flowed in the dry places, a river (Psalms 105:41).

In the same:

Before the Lord thou art in travail, O earth, before the God of Jacob, who turned the rock into a pool of waters, the flint into a fountain of waters (Psalms 114:7-8).

That "rock" in these passages signifies the Lord in respect to Divine truth, or what is the same, Divine truth from the Lord, is evident from what has been said above, also from the fact that these two passages in David treat of the redemption and the regeneration of the men of the church, and this is effected by means of Divine truth from the Lord. Redemption is treated of in these words, "they remembered that God was their Rock, and the most high God their Redeemer;" regeneration in these words, "Before the Lord thou art in travail, O earth;" "to be in travail" when predicated of the church, signifying to be reformed and regenerated.

[6] In Isaiah:

Hearken unto me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek Jehovah; look unto the rock out of which ye were hewn, and to the digging out of the pit out of which ye were digged (Isaiah 51:1).

The "rock" means the Lord in respect to Divine truth, and the "pit" signifies the Word, as also in other places; "to be hewn out of the rock" and "to be digged out of the pit," signify to be regenerated by Divine truths and Divine goods, thus by truths from good from the Lord; for "stones," that are cut out of a rock, signify truths from the Lord; and "soil," that is dug out of a pit, signifies good from the Lord, therefore it is called "the digging out of the pit."

[7] In Moses:

Give ye greatness unto our God; the rock, whose work is perfect, and all His ways are judgment. He made him to ride on the high places of the earth, and feedeth him with the increase of the fields; He maketh him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock. The rock that begat thee hast thou given to forgetfulness, and hast forgotten God thy Former. Is it not because their rock hath sold them, and Jehovah hath shut them up? For their rock is not as our rock, neither are our enemies judges (Deuteronomy 32:3-4, 13, 18, 30-31).

This is said of the Ancient Church, which was a church that was in truths from good; therefore truths from good are described by various things that correspond, as "He made him to ride on the high places of the earth, He fed him with the increase of the fields; He made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock." Intelligence in the spiritual things of this church is signified by "He made him to ride on the high places of the earth;" "to ride" signifying to understand; "the high places of the earth" meaning the spiritual things of the church; spiritual nourishment therefrom is signified by "He fed him with the increase of the fields;" "to feed" meaning to nourish, and "the increase of the fields" meaning all things of the church. That they had natural good and spiritual good through Divine truth from the Lord is signified by "He made him to suck honey out of the cliff, and oil out of the flint of the rock;" "honey" meaning natural good, "oil" spiritual good; "cliff" external Divine truth from the Lord which is for the natural man, and "flint of the rock" internal Divine truth from the Lord which is for the spiritual man. The Jewish Church, which was not in any Divine truth, is next treated of, and respecting this it is said, "the rock that begat thee hast thou given to forgetfulness, and hast forgotten God thy Former," which signifies that the Lord, and thence Divine truth, by which the church is reformed, were rejected; "rock" meaning the Lord in respect to Divine truth, and "that begat thee," and "God the Former" signifying to be reformed by the Lord by means of Divine truth. That they were altogether deprived of truth and good is signified by "their rock hath sold them, and Jehovah hath shut them up," "rock" having reference to truth, and "Jehovah" to good; "to sell" and "to shut up" means to be deprived of. That they would be in falsity from evil is signified by "their rock is not as our rock, neither are our enemies judges" "their rock" meaning falsity, "our enemies" evils, "not judges" signifying not truths and goods. From this it can be seen that "rock" signifies the Lord in respect to Divine truth, and in the contrary sense, falsity.

[8] In the second book of Samuel:

The spirit of Jehovah spoke in me, and His speech was upon my tongue. The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spoke [to me]. He that ruleth over the righteous man, that ruleth over the fear of God (2 Samuel 23:2-3).

"Rock" here manifestly stands for the Lord, for in the Word "the God of Israel" means the Lord; therefore it is said "the spirit of Jehovah spoke in me, and His speech was upon my tongue," also "the God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spoke to me." The "spirit of Jehovah" and "His speech" signify Divine truth, and the Lord is called "the God of Israel" from worship, and "the Rock of Israel" from Divine truth, from which is worship. Because it is the Lord who is meant, it is said that "the Rock of Israel spoke." His dominion over those who are in good and those who are in truth is signified by "He that ruleth over the righteous man, that ruleth over him that hath the fear of God;" righteousness" is predicated of good, and "fear of God" of truth; for this Psalm of David treats of the Lord, which makes clear that the Lord is meant by "the God of Israel," and "the Rock of Israel."

[9] In David:

O that My people may hearken unto Me, that Israel might walk in My ways! I would feed ² them with the fat of wheat; and with honey out of the rock I would satisfy them (Psalms 81:13, 16).

Here, too, "rock" means the Lord in respect to Divine truth (as may be seen above, n. 374, where this is explained). In the same:

Who is God save Jehovah, or who is a Rock besides my ³ God? Jehovah liveth: and blessed be my Rock; and the God of my salvation shall be exalted (Psalms 18:2, 31, 46; 2 Samuel 22:2-3, 32, 47).

It is said, "Who is God save Jehovah, and who is a Rock besides my God?" because where Divine good is treated of the Lord is called "Jehovah," and where Divine truth is treated of he is called "God," and also "Rock," as here; so afterwards, "Jehovah liveth, and blessed be my Rock;" "the God of my salvation shall be exalted" signifies that He must be worshiped by means of truths from good, from which is salvation; "to be exalted," in reference to God is predicated of worship from good by means of truths.

[10] In the same:

Let the sayings of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be well pleasing before Thee, O Jehovah, my Rock and my Redeemer (Psalms 19:14).

"Jehovah the Rock" has a like signification as "Jehovah God," namely, the Lord in respect to Divine good and Divine truth; and He is called "Redeemer" from regeneration, which is effected by Divine truth; "sayings of the mouth" signify the understanding of truth, and "the meditation of the heart" the perception of good. In the same:

I say unto God my Rock, Why hast Thou forgotten me? (Psalms 42:9).

"God the Rock" means the Lord in respect to Divine truth, here in respect to defense. In the same:

Unto Thee do I call, O Jehovah my Rock; be not silent from me; lest Thou be silent from me (Psalms 28:1).

Here, too, "Jehovah" and "Rock" are mentioned, because "Jehovah" means the Lord in respect to Divine good, and "Rock" the Lord in respect to Divine truth, and as both are meant it is twice said, "be not silent from me," "lest Thou be silent from me;" one having reference to Divine good, the other to Divine truth, for in the Word there is a heavenly marriage in every particular, which is the marriage of good and truth. In Habakkuk:

O Jehovah, Thou hast placed him for judgment; and thou, O Rock, hast founded him for correction (Habakkuk 1:12).

In Isaiah:

Trust ye in Jehovah forevermore; for in Jah Jehovah is the Rock of Eternity (Isaiah 26:4).

Ye shall have a song as of the night of celebrating the feast; and gladness of heart as of one going with a pipe to come into the mountain of Jehovah, to the Rock of Israel (Isaiah 30:29).

Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no Rock, I know not any (Isaiah 44:8).

In David:

We will make a joyful noise unto the Rock of our salvation; we will come before His faces with confession (Psalms 95:1-2

In the first book of Samuel:

There is none holy as Jehovah; and there is no Rock like our God (1 Samuel 2:2).

In David:

Upright is Jehovah my Rock (Psalms 92:15).

He shall call me, Thou art my Father, my God, the Rock of my salvation. I also will make Him the firstborn, high above the kings of the earth (Psalms 89:26-27).

[11] In these passages, "rock" means Divine truth from the Lord and the Lord Himself, as well as in other passages. As in the gospels:

Everyone that heareth My words and doeth them, I will liken him to a prudent man, who built his house upon a rock; and the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house, yet it fell not, for it was founded upon a rock (Matthew 7:24-25; Luke 6:48).

"The house founded upon a rock" means the church and the man of the church who has founded his doctrine and life upon the Divine truth, which is from the Lord, thus upon those things that are in the Word, consequently one who is in truths from good from the Lord. It is said, "who is in truths from good," because Divine truth is not received by anyone who is not in good. To be in good is to be in the good of life, which is charity; therefore it is said "he that heareth My words and doeth them;" "doing the Lord's words" is the good of life, for truth, when a man does it, becomes good because it then enters the will and love, and whatever becomes of the will and love is called good. Temptations, in which such a man of the church does not fall but conquers, are signified by "the rain descended, the floods came, the winds blew, and beat upon the house, and yet it fell not, for it was founded upon a rock;" for in the Word "floods of waters" and "rains," and also "tempests of wind," signify temptations. This, to be sure, is a comparison, but it should be known that all comparisons in the Word are as much according to correspondences as are the things not said comparatively (See above, n. 69; and Arcana Coelestia 3579, 8989).

This makes plainly evident that "rock" in the Word signifies the Lord in respect to Divine truth, or Divine truth from the Lord.

[12] From this it can be seen what is signified by the Lord's words to Peter, in Matthew:

Jesus said to the disciples, But who say ye that I am? Simon Peter answered, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. Jesus answering said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon son of Jonah; for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but My Father who is in the heavens. I say unto thee, Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens, that whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in the heavens, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in the heavens (Matthew 16:15-19).

"Peter" here does not mean Peter, but Divine truth from the Lord (as in the passages cited above) for all the Lord's disciples together represented the church; and each one of them some constituent of the church; "Peter" the truth of the church, "James" its good, and "John" good in act, that is, works; the rest of the disciples represented the truths and goods that are derived from these, just as the twelve tribes of Israel. That this is so will be seen in what follows, where the tribes and the disciples are treated of. This is why these three disciples are mentioned in the Word more than the others.

[13] The Lord addressed these words to Peter because he then confessed, saying, "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God," which in the spiritual sense signifies that He is the Divine truth; this is signified by "Christ," also by "the Son of God." (That this is signified by "Christ" see Arcana Coelestia 3004, 3005, 3009; and by "the Son of God" above, n. 63, 151, 166.) By virtue of this confession "Peter" represented Divine truth from the Lord in the church, and for this reason he was called "a rock" [petra], and it is said "thou art a rock [petra], upon this rock [petra] I will build My church," which signifies upon Divine truth from the Lord, or what is the same, upon truths from good, for upon these the church is built. That Peter might represent this in the church he was called by the Lord "a rock [petra]." as is evident in John:

Jesus looking upon him said unto him, Thou art Simon, the son of Jonah; thou shalt be called Cephas, which is, by interpretation, a rock [petra] (John 1:42).

Cephas in the Syriac language means a rock, and so Peter in that version is everywhere called "Cephas;" moreover, the same word in the Hebrew means a rock (as is evident in Jeremiah 4:29; andJob Job 30:6, where "rocks" are mentioned in the plural number); but Peter is not called a rock [petra] in the Greek and Latin because the name was bestowed upon him as a personal name.

[14] The Lord said "Simon son of Jonah" and afterwards he was called "a rock," because "Simon son of Jonah" signifies truth from good, or faith from charity; and as truth from good or faith from charity is granted only to those who are in Divine truth from the Lord, and Peter then confessed [the Lord], so he is called "a rock," not himself as a person, but that Divine truth which was from the Lord with him in his confession. That this was from the Lord is meant by the Lord's words, "flesh and blood has not revealed it unto thee, but My Father who is in the heavens;" "the Father in the heavens" meaning the Divine in the Lord, since the Father was in Him, and He in the Father and they were one (John 14:7-11; 10:30, 38). That "Simon" signifies truth in the will, see in the following chapter; and that "dove," which is what "Jonah" means, signifies spiritual good, see Arcana Coelestia 870[1-3], 1826, 1827); consequently "Simon son of Jonah" signifies the truth of good or truth from good. Because the hells have no power against Divine truth proceeding from the Lord, or against any man in whom there is Divine truth from the Lord, therefore the Lord says that "the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."

[15] The Lord further said, "I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of the heavens; and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in the heavens, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in the heavens," which signifies that all things are possible to those who are in truths from good from the Lord, in full agreement with these words:

All things whatsoever ye ask for, praying, believe that ye are to receive, then shall it be done unto you (Mark 11:24; Matthew 7:8; Luke 11:9).

How these words are to be understood see above (n. 405i), namely, that to ask from the faith of charity is to ask not from self but from the Lord, for whatever anyone asks not from self but from the Lord he receives. That such is the signification of these words, "whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in the heavens, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in the heavens," is clear from the Lord's words to the disciples and to all who are in truths from good from the Lord, in Matthew:

Verily I say unto you, What things soever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and what things soever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in the heavens (Matthew 18:18).

[16] These words were spoken to all, thus not to Peter only, as the Lord immediately declares in that chapter in these words:

I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth in My name respecting anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them by My Father, who is in the heavens. For where two or three are gathered in My name, there am I in the midst of them (Matthew 18:19-20).

"The Lord's name" means everything by which He is worshiped; and as He is worshiped by means of truth from good, which is from Him, so this is meant by "His name." (That this is what is meant by the "Lord's name," see above, n. 102, 135.) So "every thing they shall ask on earth shall be done for them in the heavens" has a similar signification as "whatsoever ye shall bind and shall loose on earth shall be bound and shall be loosed in the heavens," for the Lord explains the former words by the latter. One who knows the spiritual sense of the Word can know also why it is said "if two agree," and afterwards, "where there are two or three," namely, because "two" is predicated of good, and "three" of truth, consequently "two and three" of all who are in truths from good. (That Divine truth from the Lord has all power in the heavens and on earth, see above, n. 209, 333; and in the work on Heaven and Hell 230-231, 539; and Arcana Coelestia 3091, 3563, 6344, 6423, 6948, 8200, 8304, 9643, 10019, 10182. "Two" is predicated of good because it signifies conjunction by love, n. 1686, 5194, 8423; "three" is predicated of truths because it signifies all truths in the complex, in like manner as "twelve," n. 577, 2089, 2129, 2130, 3272, 3858, 3913; therefore when "two" and "three" are mentioned in the spiritual world, two and three, are not meant, but all who are in truths from good. That "Peter" signifies truth from good, which is from the Lord, see in the small work on The Last Judgment 57.)

[17] Thus far it has been shown what "rock" signifies in this sense; it shall now be shown what "rock" signifies in the contrary sense. In the contrary sense "rock" signifies infernal falsity that is trusted in; as in the following passages. In Isaiah:

Hewing out ⁴ thy sepulcher in the height, graving for himself a habitation in the cliff (Isaiah 22:16).

This chapter treats of "the valley of vision," which signifies the falsity of doctrine confirmed by the sense of the letter of the Word; the love of falsity is signified by "the sepulcher in the height," and the belief of falsity by "the habitation in the cliff;" their making such things for themselves is signified by "hewing out" and "graving for themselves."

[18] In the same:

In that day they shall reject every man the idols of his silver and the idols of his gold which your hands make for you; then shall Asshur fall by the sword not of a man [vir], and the sword not of a man [homo] shall devour him: and his cliff shall pass away for awe, and his princes shall be dismayed at the banner (Isaiah 31:7-9).

This treats of judgment upon those who from self-intelligence believe themselves to be wise in Divine things. Such are those who are in the love of self and the world, and who seek after a reputation for learning for the sake of self; these, because they are unable to see truths, seize on falsities and proclaim them as truths. The falsities that favor their principles and their loves are signified by "the idols of silver and the idols of gold;" that these are from self-intelligence is signified by "which your hands have made for you;" that they will perish by their own falsities is signified by "then shall Asshur fall by the sword not of a man [vir], and the sword not of a man [homo] shall devour him;" "Asshur" meaning the rational perverted, and thence those who are in falsities from self-intelligence; "to fall and to be devoured by the sword" meaning to perish. This was represented also by the king of Assyria in that he was slain by his own sons (Isaiah 37:38); "his sons" there signifying his own falsities by which he perished; "his cliff, which shall pass away for awe," signifies all falsity in general, in which such have trusted; and "the princes, who shall be dismayed at the banner," signify the primary falsities; it is said "at the banner," because such falsities are dispersed not by any combat with truths, but by a mere sign of combat, which a banner is. I have seen such cast down from the rocks upon which they were by the waving of an ensign.

[19] In Jeremiah:

The whole city fleeth before the voice of the horseman and the shooter of the bow; they entered the clouds and went up into the rocks, the whole city is forsaken, not a man [vir] dwelleth therein (Jeremiah 4:29).

This describes the church desolated in respect to truths. The desolation of all the truth of doctrine by false reasonings and false doctrinals therefrom is signified by "the whole city fleeth before the voice of the horseman and of the shooter of the bow;" "the voice of the horseman" signifying false reasonings, and "the voice of the shooter of the bow" false doctrinals; "the whole city fleeth" signifies the desolation of all the truth of doctrine, "city" meaning doctrine. That no truth is acknowledged, but falsity alone, is signified by "they entered the clouds and went up into the rocks;" "to enter the clouds" signifying into the non-acknowledgment of truth, and "to go up into the rocks" signifying into mere falsity.

[20] I have also seen rocks that consisted of stones heaped together, with no level place where verdure grew as elsewhere upon rocks; upon these were spirits who while they lived in the world as men had been in faith separate from charity, which is called faith alone, and had confirmed themselves therein both in doctrine and in life. This is what is meant by "the dryness of the rock," in Ezekiel:

She set ⁵ it upon the dryness of the cliff; she poured it not upon the earth that dust might cover it (Ezekiel 24:7).

And in the same:

I will cause many nations to come up against thee; and they shall destroy the walls of Tyre and throw down her towers; and I will purge her dust from her, and make her the dryness of a cliff (Ezekiel 26:3-4, 14).

"Dust" in these two passages means the soil, which signifies the good of the church. When there is no soil on the rocks, but the rocks are dry, that is, consist of mere heaps of stones, as was said above, it is a sign that there is no good, and where there is no good there is mere falsity; so this is what is signified by "the dryness of a cliff," and "she poured it not upon the earth, that the dust might cover it," and "I will purge her dust from her." This makes evident what is signified by the Lord's words in the Gospels:

Other seed fell upon the rocky places, where they had not much soil; and straightway they sprang up because they had no depth of earth; and they dried up (Matthew 13:5-6).

This may be seen explained above n. 401.

[21] Most of those in the spiritual world who have their light from the moon there, dwell upon rocks. Those who are spiritual-natural dwell upon rocks that are covered with a thin surface of soil, where consequently there are level places, verdure, and shrubberies, but not such as are upon the mountains and hills where those dwell who receive light from the sun of heaven; while those who are not spiritual-natural, but merely natural, are not at this day upon the rocks, but in caverns in the rocks there; and those who are in falsities from evil, dwell among heaps of stones there; all these things are correspondences.

[22] In Jeremiah:

Behold, I am against thee, O mountain destroying the whole earth; and I will stretch out Mine hand against thee and roll thee down from the cliffs, and will make thee a mountain of burning (Jeremiah 51:25).

This is said of Babylon, whose damnation through falsities is signified by "I will roll thee down from the cliffs," and whose damnation through evils is signified by "I will make thee a mountain of burning" (but this may be seen more fully explained above, n. 405.

[23] In the same:

O ye inhabitants of Moab, forsake the cities and dwell in the cliff, and be like the dove that maketh her nest in the passages of the mouth of the pit (Jeremiah 48:28).

This is said of Moab, which signifies the adulteration of good and truth, and thus those who pervert the good and truth of the Word. "Forsake the cities" signifies to leave the truths of doctrine; "dwell in the cliff" signifies in falsities and the doctrine of falsities; "be like the dove that maketh her nest in the passages of the mouth of the pit" signifies looking at truth from without and not from within, for "a pit" signifies the Word where truths are; "to make a nest in the passages of its mouth" means outside of it and not within, "to make a nest" having the same signification as to dwell, namely, to live a life; but "to build a nest" is predicated of a bird, and "to dwell" of man. What it is to regard the Word from without and not from within may be seen in the Arcana Coelestia 10549-10551), namely, to look at it not from doctrine but from the mere letter; and in consequence of this men wander in every direction whither the disposition, thought, and affection may lead; they are sure of nothing, whence come the perpetual adulterations that are signified by "Moab." This is the case with those who study the Word for the sake of glory and honor; because such regard themselves in everything when studying the Word, they remain outside of the Word; while those who love truth and good from the Word are within the Word, for they look at it not from self, but from the Lord. This makes clear what is signified by "O ye inhabitants of Moab, forsake the cities and dwell in the cliff, and be like the dove that maketh her nest in the passages of the mouth of the pit."

[24] In the same:

Is not My word like as fire? and like a hammer that scattereth the cliff? (Jeremiah 23:29.)

The Word is said to be "like a fire and like a hammer" because "fire" signifies the good of love, and "hammer" the truth of faith, for "the hammer" has a similar signification as "iron," and "iron" signifies truth in ultimates, and the truth of faith. Both are mentioned, namely, "fire" and "hammer," and accordingly good and truth, because of the marriage of good and truth in every particular of the Word. "The cliff that is scattered" signifies the falsity in the whole complex and the doctrine of falsity; and these are scattered or destroyed, when man with whom they exist is judged.

[25] In Nahum:

Who shall stand before His indignation? or who shall stand up in the glowing of His anger? His wrath is poured out like fire, and the rocks shall be overturned before Him (Nahum 1:6).

That the "indignation," "wrath," and "anger" of Jehovah signify the Last Judgment, and the state of damnation of those who are in evils and in falsities therefrom will be seen in the following articles. The damnation of evils is signified by "His wrath, which is poured out like fire;" and the damnation of falsities from evils by "His anger," and "the rocks shall be overturned before Him;" "fire" also signifying the evils of the loves of self and of the world, and "rocks" the falsities therefrom, and "to be overturned" signifies to perish. Moreover, the rocks, upon which are those who are in the principles of falsity and thus in falsities of every kind, are visibly overturned, and those who are upon them are thus cast down into hell; but this occurs in the spiritual world, where all have their dwelling places according to the quality of their interiors to which their externals correspond.

[26] In Isaiah:

Ye that have heated yourselves with gods under every green tree, that slaughter the children in the brooks under the shelves of the cliffs (Isaiah 57:5).

What is meant by "heating oneself with gods under every green tree, and slaughtering the children in the brooks under the shelves of the cliffs," no one can know except from the internal sense. In that sense "to heat oneself with gods under every green tree" signifies to worship God from every falsity that occurs; "to heat oneself with gods" means ardent worship, and "every green tree" means every falsity that occurs, for "tree" signifies knowledges and perceptions, here the knowledges and perceptions of falsity; and "to slaughter the children in the brooks, under the shelves of the cliffs" signifies to extinguish truths by falsities from self-intelligence; "children" meaning truths, "brooks" self-intelligence, "shelves of the cliffs" falsities; "under the shelves of these" signifies from the sensual, in which there is the ultimate natural light, for those who are in that light only stand under precipitous rocks and do not see any truth, and if it is told them they do not perceive it. In such a position I also have seen them in the spiritual world. This makes evident that "to slaughter the children" means not to slay children, but to extinguish truths.

[27] So in David:

Happy is he who shall seize and shatter thy babes against the cliff (Psalms 137:9).

"Babes" mean here not babes but falsities springing up; for Babylon is here treated of, which signifies the falsities of evil destroying the truths of good of the church; the destruction of these is signified by "shattering them against the cliff;" "cliff" meaning the ruling falsity of evil, and "to shatter" meaning to destroy. He who abides in the mere sense of the letter of the Word and does not think beyond it, can easily be led to believe that he is called "happy" who does this with the babes of his enemies, when yet that would be an enormous crime; but he is called "happy" who disperses the falsities of evil springing up in the church, which are here signified by "the babes of Babylon. "

[28] In Jeremiah:

Who hath heard such a thing as this? The virgin of Israel hath done a horrible thing. Shall the snow of Lebanon from the rock leave My fields? Shall the strange cold waters flowing down be snatched away? My people have forgotten Me, they have burned incense to vanity (Jeremiah 18:13-15).

"The virgin of Israel" means here and elsewhere the spiritual church, for this the Israelites represented; "the horrible thing that they did" means that they turned the goods of the church into evils, and the truths of the church into falsities, and from these evils and falsities worshiped Jehovah. The evils from which is such worship are signified by "My people have forgotten Me," for he who forgets God is in evils; and the falsities from which is such worship are signified by "they have burned incense to vanity," "vanity" meaning falsity, and "to burn incense" worship; "shall the snow of Lebanon from the rock leave My fields?" signifies, have they not the truths of the church from the Word? "rock" here signifies the Word, because it signifies Divine truth (as above); "the snow of Lebanon" signifies the truths of the church therefrom. Here "snow" has a similar signification as water, namely, truths, but "snow" signifies cold truths, because a cold church is here treated of. "Lebanon" means the church from which these are, and "fields" mean all goods and truths of the church; "the strange cold waters flowing down," signify the falsities in which there is no good; "strange waters" meaning falsities, and "cold" meaning in which there is no good, for truths have all their heat from the good of love.

[29] In the same:

Behold, I am against thee, thou inhabitant of the valley, thou rock of the plain; that say, Who shall descend against us, and who shall enter into our abodes? (Jeremiah 21:13).

"The inhabitant of the valley" and "the rock of the plain" signify those who are in the ultimates of the Word, and do not permit themselves to be illustrated from the interior; and such do not see truths, but falsities instead; for all the light of truth, because it is out of heaven from the Lord, comes from the interior and descends. Such are meant by "the inhabitant of the valley" and "the rock of the plain;" "valley" and "plain" meaning the ultimates of the Word in which they are; and "inhabitant" and "rock" signifying falsities, "inhabitant" the falsity of life, and "rock" the falsity of doctrine. The belief in falsity and evil in which such are firmly fixed, believing falsity and evil to be truths and goods, is signified by their saying, "Who shall descend against us, and who shall enter into our abodes?"

[30] In Isaiah:

Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for the dread of Jehovah (Isaiah 2:10).

"To enter into the rock" means into falsity, and "to hide themselves in the dust" means in evil. This treats of the Last Judgment, when those who are in the falsities of evil and in the evils of falsity cast themselves into the hells which are in the rocks and under the lands in the spiritual world. (But these things may be seen more fully brought out and explained in the preceding article.) In Job:

The mountain falling passeth away, and the rock is removed out of its place (Job 14:18).

"Mountain" signifies the love of evil; and "rock" the belief of falsity; and "to melt away" and "be removed out of its place" signifies to perish.

[31] In David:

Let their judges be cast down by the sides of the cliff (Psalms 141:6).

"Judges" signify those who are in falsities, and in an abstract sense, the falsities of thought and of doctrine. "Judges" in the Word have a similar signification as "judgments," and "judgments" signify the truths from which judgments are formed and in the contrary sense falsities. Because those who are in falsities dwell in the spiritual world in cliffs it is said, "let them be cast down by the sides of the cliff," which signifies that they should be let into their falsities and dwell in the hells corresponding to their falsities. In Job:

To dwell in the cleft of the valleys, in holes of the earth, and in the rocks (Job 30:6).

This treats of those who are in the hells, because they are in evils and in falsities therefrom; the hells of those who are in evils in respect to life are under valleys and in caves there; and the hells of those who are in falsities from evil are in rocks. This makes clear what is signified by "dwelling in the cleft of the valleys, in holes of the earth, and in rocks." (But respecting the caverns and caves in which those dwell who are in the hells, and the clefts and holes by which these are entered, see the article just preceding, n. 410.)

[32] These things have been adduced to make known that "rock" in the contrary sense signifies falsity in general; and this signification of "rock" is from correspondence, as can be seen from the appearances and phenomena in the spiritual world, where all dwell according to the correspondences of the interiors of their mind and life. Consequently those who are in wisdom and intelligence, because they are in love to the Lord and in charity towards the neighbor, and thence in the spiritual affection of truth, dwell upon mountains and hills of earth, where there are paradises, gardens, rose-beds, and lawns; but those who are in the belief in the doctrinals of their church and in some degree of charity, dwell upon rocks where there are level places upon which are some groves and some trees and grassy places; while those who have been in faith alone, as it is called, in respect to doctrine and life, and thence in falsities of faith and evils of life, dwell within the rocks, in caverns and cells there.

[33] This signification of "rock" is from the correspondence spoken of. But there is a signification of "rock" from its hardness, as in the following passages.

In Jeremiah:

They have made their faces harder than a rock (Jeremiah 5:3).

In Ezekiel:

As an adamant stronger than rock have I made thy forehead; fear not (Ezekiel 3:9).

In Job:

They shall be graven with an iron pen and with lead in the rock forevermore (Job 19:24).

In Isaiah:

The hoofs of the horses are accounted as rock (Isaiah 5:28).

Hardness is expressed by "rock" from the correspondence of rock with truth from good, for truth from good has all power, as has been said above; but when truth acts against falsity from evil then good is blunted, and truth then remaining acts with hardness, according to the above words in Ezekiel, "As an adamant stronger than rock have I made thy forehead." Truth without good is also hard, but still is easily broken. But what has been here adduced respecting rocks will be more fully elucidated by what will be said hereafter respecting the signification of stones.

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